Zamkati
- Anions anonatomic
- Anion Polyatomic
- Makina omwe amataya electron
- Cations omwe amataya ma elekitironi awiri
- Cations omwe amataya ma elekitironi atatu
- Cations omwe amataya ma electron opitilira atatu
Pulogalamu ya ayoni Ndiwo ma tinthu (maatomu kapena mamolekyulu, ndiye kuti, madera osakanikirana) omwe magetsi ake salowereranso chifukwa chophatikizika chomwe chidataya kapena kupeza ma elekitironi, kusintha mphamvu yake, ndikupangitsa kuti isafanane ndi ma proton.
Chifukwa chake, ma ayoni ali ndi ndalama zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zitha kukhala zabwino, momwe amatchulidwira mitu (komwe atomu yopanda ndale yataya imodzi kapena zingapo ma elekitironi), kapena atha kukhala ndi mbiri yoyipa yomwe amadzitcha okha anions (komwe adapeza ma elekitironi amodzi kapena angapo). Kutentha kwapakati, ma ayoni omwe ali ndi chizindikiro chotsutsana amamangirirana mwamphamvu, kuyambira ndi dongosolo lomwe lalamulidwa lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kristalo.
Pulogalamu ya anion, iwonso, atha kugawidwa kukhala omwe ali ndi vuto la oxidation (lotchedwa monatomic) ndi omwe dziko lawo limakhazikika mu atomu iliyonse, yotchedwa polyatomic. Zoyambirira zimakhala, nthawi zambiri, zosakhala zazitsulo zomwe valence yawo idamalizidwa kuchokera pakupeza ma elekitironi; polyatomics, mbali yawo, ndi zidulo zomwe zidataya ma proton kapena mamolekyulu omwe amawonjezera ma elekitironi.
Mndandanda wotsatirawu ndi zitsanzo za ma anion omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe, ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwamagetsi omwe amapeza:
- Hydride Anion
- Kusakaniza Anion
- Fluoride Anion
- Mankhwala enaake a Anion
- Bromide Anion
- Iodide Anion
- Sulfide Anion
- Oxochloride (I) kapena hypochlorous anion
- Chloric trioxochloride (V) anion
- Dioxobromate (III) kapena bromous anion
- Tetraoxobromate (VII) kapena perbromic anion
- Oxoiodate (I) kapena hypoiodine anion
- Trioxosulfate (IV) kapena sulfite anion
Pulogalamu ya mituKumbali inayi, ndi ayoni abwino omwe amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa ma elekitironi kumtunda wakunja. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala za zitsulo, ngakhale nthawi zina pamakhala zopanda zitsulo zomwe zimakhala ngati cations. Kukula kwa mitengoyi ndikocheperako kuposa ma atomu osalowerera ndale ndi anion, chifukwa kutayika kwa ma elekitironi kumachitika makamaka kunja.
Mndandanda wotsatirawu ukuwonetsedwa pamitundu yodziwika bwino, yogawika malinga ndi kuchuluka kwamagetsi omwe atayika nthawi zonse:
- Katemera wa Cesium
- Mkuwa (I) kapena cuprous cation
- Mafuta a lifiyamu
- Potaziyamu potaziyamu
- Cobalt (II) kapena cobalt cation
- Mkuwa (II) kapena kapu cation
- Mercury (II) kapena mercuric cation
- Mtsogoleri (II) kapena cation ya plumbose
- Nickel (II) kapena nickel cation
- Tin (II) kapena stannic cation
- Nickel (II) kapena nickel cation
- Magnanese (III) kapena manganous cation
- Chromium (III) kapena chromate cation
- Mtsogoleri (IV) kapena lead cation
- Manganese (IV) kapena manganic cation
- Chromium (VI) kapena chromic cation
- Manganese (VII) kapena cation ya permanganic
- Tin (IV) kapena cann station
