Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya chipolopolo ndi njira yosinthira chikhalidwe. Magulu awiri akakhala ofanana amasintha. Pamene ubale pakati pawo umatanthauza kulamulirana wina ndi mnzake, ndiye kuti sizingafanane, chikhalidwe chachikulu chimakhazikitsa zikhalidwe, miyambo ndi malangizo azikhalidwe.
Chikhalidwe china chikapambana china, anthu olamulidwa amasiya chikhalidwe chawo, amatha kutaya chilankhulo ndi moyo wawo. M'malo mwake, amatsata miyambo yazikhalidwe zazikulu.
Kukhazikika kumatha kuchitika mu wachiwawa (ndi mikangano yankhondo) kapena mu mwamtendere, kudzera mu mphamvu zachuma ndi ukadaulo zikhalidwe zazikulu, kapena mwa kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Chodabwitsa chamakono cha kudalirana imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zakukhalira ndi njira zachiwawa komanso zamtendere. Coloni ndi chitsanzo cha mitundu yachiwawa yodzikongoletsa.
Pulogalamu ya kulamulira chikhalidwe Zitha kuchitika mdera limodzi, momwe magulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zandale komanso zachuma amakakamiza zomwe amakonda, miyambo yawo komanso mfundo. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe zimawonedwa ngati "kukoma kwabwino" ndi zomwe zimawonedwa ngati "zoyipa" ndikuwonetsa kulamulira kwachikhalidwe.
Kukhazikika sikumachitika kamodzi kokha koma kumachitika pakapita nthawi, mwadongosolo komanso mosasinthasintha.
Zitsanzo zakukondweretsedwa
- Kutayika Kwa Ziyankhulo Zaku AmericaNgakhale magulu ena a anthu akugwiritsabe ntchito zilankhulo zakomweko zomwe adaphunzira kuchokera kwa makolo awo, monga Quechua, Guaraní, Aymara ndi Nahuatl, ambiri mwa mbadwa za olamulidwa samasunga chilankhulo cha makolo athu. M'malo mwake, Spanish ndi Portuguese amalankhulidwa ku Latin America, ndipo Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa zimalankhulidwa ku North America. Mosiyana ndi izi, ku Africa, komwe nkhanza za atsamunda zidachitikanso, ngakhale Chifalansa ndichilankhulo chovomerezeka m'maiko ambiri, pali anthu ambiri azilankhulo ziwiri, zilankhulo zitatu komanso azilankhulo zambiri.
- Zikhulupiriro zachipembedzoMunthawi yogonjetsedwa kwa America, chimodzi mwazomwe zidapangitsa kuti atsamunda achite izi ndiumishoni, zipembedzo zomwe zimafuna kulalikira kwa iwo.
- Kusamukira kudziko lina: Magulu ena a anthu, akakhazikika m'maiko ena, amasunga miyambo yawo ndi zikhulupiriro zawo, ndipo amakwanitsa chifukwa chokhala mgulu. Komabe, ena ambiri amataya miyambo yawo komanso chilankhulo chawo, kuyambira m'badwo wachiwiri.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakunjaKugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina kumabweretsa miyambo yatsopano.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achilendo: Pakadali pano timagwiritsa ntchito mawu achingerezi osadziwa ngakhale momwe tingawamasulire mu Spanish (onani: mawu akunja).
Itha kukutumikirani
- Zitsanzo za Makhalidwe Abwino Achikhalidwe
- Zitsanzo za Kudalirana Kwachikhalidwe
- Zitsanzo za Chikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe
- Zitsanzo za Makampani Azikhalidwe
