Zamkati
Kwa chemistry, a kusakaniza Ndi seti ya zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zoyera zomwe zimabwera pamodzi osasintha mankhwala.Pachifukwa ichi, ndikotheka kupatula magawo osiyanasiyana azosakanizika pogwiritsa ntchito njira wamba zofananira, monga kusefera yoweyula distillation.
Mwachilengedwe pali zosakaniza zambiri, zomwe timagwirizana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi mpweya zomwe timapuma, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma nitrogeni ndi ma molekyulu a oxygen, ngakhale mulinso zina zinthumonga carbon dioxide, nthunzi yamadzi, ndi zina zambiri. Pulogalamu ya Madzi am'nyanja nawonso ndi osakaniza, chifukwa tikudziwa kuti lili ndi Mchere wamchere, zinthu zakuthupi poyimitsidwa ndi zamoyo, pakati pa ena.
- Onaninso: Zosakaniza zofanana ndi zosakaniza zosiyana
Mitundu ya zosakaniza
- Zosakaniza zofanana: Mu zosakanizazi sizotheka kusiyanitsa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi diso lamaso osati pansi pa microscopy, ndiye kuti, zosakanikirana zofanana sizimapereka discontinuities ndipo zimakhala ndi yunifolomu yonse. Zosakaniza zofanana zimadziwika kuti mayankho kapena mayankho.
- Zosakaniza zosakanikirana: Zosakanizazi zikuwonetsa zakumapeto zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe azigawo zosiyanasiyana, makamaka, ndi maso.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zosakaniza sizimatulutsa zimachitikira mankhwala pakati pazinthu zosakanikirana. Kufufuza kwa chisakanizo kumatha kuchitidwa moyenera kapena mochuluka:
- Mkhalidwe: Zikhala zosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zilipo posakaniza.
- Zambiri: Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa kuchuluka kwake kapena kuchuluka kwake.
Pulogalamu ya Zosakaniza zofanana Atha kukhala madzi, gaseous kapena olimba. Nthawi zonse zomwe zimatsimikizira komaliza kwa chisakanizocho ndizosungunulira, osati solute.
Mwachitsanzo, wina akasungunula mchere wa patebulo (a olimba) m'madzi (a madzi), chisakanizocho chimakhala chamadzi. Poterepa, ngati wina achoka kusanduka nthunzi madzi onse, mutha kupeza mchere womwe mudasungunula koyambirira. Mukasakaniza mchenga ndi madzi, komano, mupeza chisakanizo chosakanikirana. Mchengawo umakhala pansi pa beseni.
Ena Njira zakulekana kwa zosakaniza ali kuchotsa, makina, kutchinjiriza yoweyula zojambula pa mbale yopyapyala. Njira zonsezi ndizothandiza pama laboratories ofufuza.
Yang'anirani: Zambiri pa Kupatukana kwa Zosakaniza
Kusakanikirana kwapadera
- Zitsanzo za Kusakaniza kwa Gasi
- Zitsanzo za Zosakaniza za Gasi ndi Zamadzimadzi
- Zitsanzo za Zosakaniza za Gasi ndi Zolimba
- Zitsanzo za Zosakaniza Zamadzimadzi Ndi Zamadzimadzi
Zitsanzo zosakaniza
Zosakaniza makumi awiri zalembedwa m'munsimu, mwachitsanzo (kuphatikizapo zofanana ndi zosiyana):
- Soda m'madzi - uwu ndi mtundu wosakanikirana wosakanikirana, wokhala ndimankhwala osiyanasiyana komanso zophikira.
- Madzi a m'nyanja - Ngakhale pakuyang'ana koyamba imawoneka ngati yunifolomu, ndiyosakanikirana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imayimitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo kapangidwe kake kamasiyana kwambiri. Chigawo chake chachikulu ndi sodium chloride (yomwe imapatsa mphamvu yake yamchere), koma imakhalanso ndi mchere wina womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzoladzola, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi zina zambiri.
- Kusakaniza mafuta ophikira - Izi ndizomwe mafuta opangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yopitilira oleaginous amatchedwa ichi; chisakanizo chofala kwambiri ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndi chimanga. Amapanga chisakanizo chofanana.
- Magazi - ndi osakanikirana osakanikirana ndi plasma, maselo, hemoglobin ndi zigawo zina zambiri.
- Sopo wa chimbudzi - imakhalanso yosakanikirana kwambiri, imatheka chifukwa chophatikiza mchere wamchere wautali wamafuta ndi zonunkhira, utoto, glycerin, ndi zina zambiri.
- Pansi - ndi osakanikirana kwambiri, imakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono mchere, zinthu zakuthupi, tizilombo, mpweya, madzi, tizilombo, mizu ndi zina zambiri.
- Mowa
- Mitsuko ya chifuwa - Manyuchi nthawi zambiri amakhala osungunuka (mtundu wosakanikirana kwambiri), wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitimasungunuka kwathunthu, komwe kumawonjezeredwa zinthu monga thickeners, colorants, ndi zina zambiri.
- Madzi ndi mchenga - osakanikirana osakanikirana, mchenga umasunthika ndikulekanitsa kupanga gawo lotsika.
- Khofi ndi shuga - Ngati ndi khofi wosungunuka, imakhala ndi chosakanikirana, ndi shuga wosungunuka mmenemo.
- Chowotchera m'madzi - makamaka iyi ndi emulsion, chifukwa chake ndiosakanikirana kwambiri.
- Buluu wosungunuka - Ndi osakaniza homogeneous chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa ndi disinfection, komanso monga bulitchi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kuli ndi klorini yogwira.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kusakaniza kophatikizana kwa ethanol m'madzi, ndende yake imafotokozedwa pang'ono (yotchuka kwambiri ndi mowa 96 °)
- Tincture wa ayodini - amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Mkuwa - Ndi osakaniza amkuwa ndi malata, otchedwa aloyi, omwe amaphatikiza zomwe zimapangidwa.
- Mayonesi - osakaniza mazira, mafuta ndi zinthu zina.
- Simenti - Kusakaniza kwa miyala yamwala ndi dongo, kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe kapena kolimba pakukhudzana ndi madzi, ndichifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.
- Utoto wa tsitsi
- Mafuta a nsapato
- Mkaka
Zambiri?
- Zosakaniza zofananira komanso zosakanikirana
- Kodi zosakaniza zofanana?
- Kodi zosakanikirana ndi chiyani?
