Atsogoleri Achipani

Zamkati

• Makhalidwe a mtsogoleri wodziyimira pawokha
• Zitsanzo za atsogoleri odziyimira pawokha

A wodziyimira pawokha kapena wodziyimira pawokha kapena mtsogoleri wotsutsa ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu la anthu, dziko kapena dera lomwe Mphamvu zimapatsidwa mwayi woti apange zisankho, kuyitanitsa ndikuwongolera kwathunthuya seti, kudzera mwa lamulo lapadera komanso losakayika, lomwe limalimbikitsidwa ndikulamulira mwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Ndale, atsogoleri andewu amatchedwa odziyimira pawokha kapena olamulira mwankhanza.

Mwanjira iyi, Autocracy idzakhala chitsanzo cha boma lomwe limayika mphamvu zonse pagulu m'manja mwa munthu m'modzi ndi kuthekera konse kopanga zisankho, ngakhale zitakhala zosemphana ndi zofuna za anthu eni kapena kumvera zofuna kapena zabwino za mtsogoleri. Mwambiri, maboma amtunduwu amakhazikitsidwa mokakamiza.

Zitha kutengedwa ngati mtundu wa boma wotsutsana ndi demokalase, momwe ambiri amasankha oimira awo kuti atsogolere anthu ammudzi ndipo pali njira zowongolera, kuyang'anira kapena kusokoneza mphamvuzi. Modziyimira pawokha, mphamvu siyilola kufunsa zofuna za mtsogoleri.

Mafumu omvera, olamulira mwankhanza pachizindikiro chilichonse chandale komanso atsogoleri opondereza magulu achifwamba akhoza kukhala zitsanzo zabwino za izi.

Makhalidwe a mtsogoleri wodziyimira pawokha

Oziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri amadziwika motere:

• Ndiwokopa ndipo ali ndi mphamvu mokomera zosowa zomwe onse akuganiza.
• Amakhala ndi mphamvu zonse pakusankha ndipo amakakamiza ena kuti azikakamizidwa kudzera mwalamulo (zalamulo, zankhondo, zachuma kapena zakuthupi).
• Samalola kufunsidwa kwaulamuliro wawo ndipo nthawi yomweyo amavomereza mitundu yonse yotsutsa kapena kutsutsa.
• Amakhala ndi zizolowezi zofananira ndi kumamatira kumphamvu m'njira zonse.
• Sapatsidwa kudzidzudzula kapena kuzindikira, koma nthawi zonse amaganiza kuti ndioyenera kapena yabwino kwambiri kutsogolera ena.
• Amawopseza, amalanga komanso kuzunza omwe ali pansi pake, kuti asunge dongosolo linalake.

Utsogoleri Wodziyimira Pokha Pazamalonda

Mitundu ya utsogoleri wodziyimira pawokha, yomwe imapereka kudzipereka kwaufulu payekhapayekha mokomera dongosolo lamphamvu kwambiri kapena kuchita bwino kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri imafunsidwa m'makampani.

Pamenepo, Kusiyanitsa kumapangidwa mchilankhulo chamabizinesi pakati pa ziwerengero za "bwana" ndi "mtsogoleri" kutengera kuyandikira kwa anthu wamba, kuthekera kwake kwa malingaliro atsopano, chithandizo chake chopingasa komanso kuthekera kwake kulimbikitsa m'malo mowopseza omwe ali pansi pake.

Zitsanzo za atsogoleri odziyimira pawokha

1. Adolfo Hitler. Mwinanso mtsogoleri wodziyimira pawokha mopambana, ndi m'modzi mwa anthu oyipa kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu, mtsogoleri wa Nazism komanso wopereka imodzi mwamaganizidwe owononga kwambiri komanso osanja mwadongosolo ozunza anthu nthawi zonse. Ulamuliro wa Hitler pa nthawiyo ku Germany (ulamuliro wodziyimira wokha kuti III Reich) udasinthidwa kuyambira pomwe National Socialist Germany Workers Party (NSDAP) idatenga mphamvu mu 1934 ndikuyitcha Wopanga (kuwongolera) okhala ndi mphamvu zopitilira dziko kutero. Izi zidapangitsa Germany kuyambitsa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, kumapeto kwake Hitler adadzipha.
2. Fidel Castro. Chimodzi mwazithunzi zodziwika bwino komanso zotsutsana zandale zaku Latin America, zotamandidwa ndi woukira boma ngati chizindikiro cholimbana ndi maiko aku North America. Castro adatsogolera zigawenga zotsutsana ndi wolamulira mwankhanza ku Cuba panthawiyo a Fulgencio Batista. Chochitikachi chimadziwika kuti Revolution ya Cuba ndipo chidabweretsa chipani cha Communist Party ku Cuba, motsogozedwa ndi Fidel, kuchokera pakupambana kwake mu 1959 mpaka 2011., pamene adasiya mchimwene wake Raúl ali ndi mphamvu. Munthawi ya boma lake, anthu aku Cuba adasandulika kwambiri ndikuzunzidwa, kuzunzidwa komanso kuthamangitsidwa kwawo.
3. Marcos Pérez Jiménez. Msirikali wankhanza komanso wolamulira mwankhanza ku Venezuela, adalamulira Venezuela kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1958, atagwirapo asitikali omwe adatenga nawo mbali polanda dzikolo, ndikuchotsa Purezidenti wosankhidwa, wolemba Rómulo Gallegos. Boma lake lopondereza lidadula lamakono ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafuta a bonanza, ngakhale adazunzidwa, kuzunzidwa komanso kuphedwa komwe amapangira omutsutsa. Pamapeto pake adachotsedwa pantchito pomwe panali ziwonetsero zambiri komanso kupandukira boma komwe kumamukakamiza kupita ku ukapolo ku Dominican Republic kenako ku Spain ya Franco.
4. Robert Mugabe. Wandale waku Zimbabwe komanso wankhondo, mtsogoleri waboma la dziko lake kuyambira 1987 mpaka pano. Kuyamba kwake kulamulira pambuyo pa ufulu wa Zimbabwe, momwe adachitapo gawo ngati ngwazi yapadziko lonse, idakhazikitsidwa boma lopondereza mwankhanza kwa omwe akumunyoza, zachinyengo za demokalase ndi chuma cha boma, zomwe zidalowetsa dzikolo pamavuto azachuma. Akumunenezanso kuti ndiye adayambitsa kupha anthu komwe kunachitika pakati pa 1980 ndi 1987, zomwe zidasiya nzika 20,000 za Ndebele kapena Matabele.
5. Francisco Franco. Msirikali wankhanza komanso wolamulira mwankhanza, omwe coup mu 1936 adathetsa Second Spanish Republic ndikuyamba Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku Spain (1936-1939), pamapeto pake Franco mwiniyo amatenga udindo wa "Caudillo de España" mpaka atamwalira mu 1975. Munthawi yaulamuliro wake anali Mutu waboma wamphamvu komanso wankhanza, yemwe amayang'anira kuphedwa, kuzunzidwa, misasa yachibalo komanso mgwirizano ndi Nazi Nazi komanso maboma ena achifasizimu ku Europe.
6. Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. Wotchedwa "El Jefe" kapena "El Benefactor", anali msirikali wankhondo waku Dominican yemwe adalamulira pachilumbachi ndi chitsulo zaka 31, mwachindunji komanso kudzera m'mapurezidenti azidole. Nthawi imeneyi m'mbiri yandale yadzikoli imadziwika kuti El Trujillato ndipo mosakayikira ndi umodzi mwamalamulo mwankhanza kwambiri komanso achiwawa ku Latin America.. Boma lake linali lotsutsa chikomyunizimu, lopondereza, lopanda ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu mosalekeza, komanso kupembedza kwamphamvu kwa mtsogoleriyo.
7. Jorge Rafael Videla. Msirikali wankhanza komanso wolamulira mwankhanza, yemwe adayamba kulamulira mu 1976 zidachitika chifukwa choukira boma komwe kudalanda boma la Purezidenti wakale Isabel Martínez de Perón ndikuyika bwalo lankhondo lankhondo, potero kuyambitsa nthawi yowawitsa ya National Reorganization Process, pomwe anthu masauzande ambiri adasowa, kugwidwa, kuzunzidwa, kuphedwa komanso kuzunzidwa mopanda chifundo.. Videla anali Purezidenti pakati pa 1976 ndi 1981, ngakhale kuti ulamuliro wankhanzawo sukadatha mpaka 1983, pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi ngozi ya anthu yomwe inali Nkhondo ya Malvinas yolimbana ndi Great Britain.
8. Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Wolamulira mwankhanza ku Nicaragua, wankhondo komanso wabizinesi wobadwira ku Nicaragua mu 1925 ndikuphedwa ku Asunción, Paraguay, mu 1980. Adalamulira dziko lake pakati pa 1967 ndi 1972, kenako pakati pa 1974 ndi 1979, kusungitsa ngakhale munthawi yapakati yolamulira mwamphamvu kwambiri mdziko lonse ngati Director of the National Guard. Anali womaliza m'banja lodziyimira pawokha lomwe linapondereza Revolution ya Sandinista. Pokhala ndi makampani opitilira makumi atatu mkati ndi kunja kwa Nicaragua, adasiya ntchito ndikupita ku ukapolo, komwe adaphedwa ndi commando wosintha.
9. Mao Tse Tung. Wotchedwa Mao Zedong, anali mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Chinese Communist Party pomwe adalanda dziko lonse mu 1949, atapambana Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ndikulengeza People's Republic of China, yomwe adalamulira mpaka kumwalira kwawo mu 1976. Boma lake linali la Marxist-Leninist lokhala ndi zisankho zakuya komanso zachiwawa zomwe zidali zotsutsana kwambiri m'nthawi yake, ndipo izi zidapanga mpatuko waukulu pamakhalidwe ake..
10. Margaret Thatcher. Yemwe amatchedwa "Iron Lady", atam'lamulira mwamphamvu zamapangidwe adzikolo, anali mayi woyamba kusankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister waku Great Britain ku 1979, udindo womwe adakhala nawo mpaka 1990. Boma lake lokakamira komanso logulitsa anthu wamba linali lankhanza kwa omutsutsa, ngakhale anali mkati mwa demokalase. Pazaka zake, kusintha kwakukulu ku England kudachitika ndipo Argentina idagonjetsedwa pa Nkhondo ya Falklands.