Zochitika zolemba

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za mafunde olemba

Pulogalamu ya zochitika zolemba kapena zolembalemba amatanthauzidwa motere powonetsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mayendedwe kapena zolemba zina. Nthawi zambiri, ndi omwe adalemba okha omwe amapeza zomwe ntchitozo zimagwirizana zokhudzana ndi zochitika zokongoletsa komanso zokongoletsa.

Makamaka zochitika zolemba zinalembedwa panthawi inayake ndipo, chifukwa chake, zimakhudzidwa ndi miyambo, mawonekedwe ndi masitaelo a nthawi iliyonse. Ngakhale izi zitha kuwonedwa m'mabuku, gawo lawo limakula ndipo amatha kumvetsetsa maluso onse, kuphatikizapo kujambula, ziboliboli, zomangamanga, nyimbo, ndi zina zambiri.

Pali mafunde angapo olemba popeza amatha kukhala kwazaka zambiri kapena amangokhala kwakanthawi kochepa.

Zitsanzo za mafunde olemba

Zolemba Zapakati

1. Nyimbo ya Baena
2. Nyimbo ya Stúñiga
3. Coplas paimfa ya abambo ake ndi Jorge Manrique
4. Archpriest wa Hita, buku la chikondi chabwino lolembedwa ndi Juan Ruiz
5. El Cantar del Mío Cid (11th century) (osadziwika)
6. The Count of Lucanor lolembedwa ndi Don Juan Manuel
7. Bukhu la Apollonius
8. Marquis waku Santillana
9. M'makalata achipembedzo olembedwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo
10. Wopanga machesi
11. Yarchas
12. Nthano za makanda a Lara
13. Kutamandidwa kwa Dona Wathu wa Gonzalo de Berceo
14. Zolemba za Alfonso X waku Castilla

Zolemba zakale

1. Beowlf (saga yaku Germany)
2. Decameron wolemba Giovanni Boccaccio
3. Nyimbo ya Roldán (saga yaku France)
4. Lazillo de Tormes,
5. Comedy Yaumulungu ya Dante Alighieri
6. Zolemba za Baroque kapena Spanish ku Golden Age
7. The Nibelungs (saga yaku Germany)
8. Orlando furioso wolemba Ludovico Ariosto
9. Ndakatulo ya Mine Cid (Spanish saga)
10. Rerum vulgarium fragmenta wolemba Francesco Petrarca Rerum

Neoclassicism

1. Makalata aku Morocco ochokera kwa José cadalso
2. Anzake awiri ndi chimbalangondo kuchokera kwa Feliz María de Samaniego
3. Bulu Wotseka wa Tomás de Iriarte
4. Inde a atsikana a Leandro Fernández de Moratín.
5. Chidutswa 1: Ukoma ndi chisangalalo cha Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos.
6. Chidutswa 2: Kukonda moyo ndi Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos.
7. Cicada ndi nyerere zochokera kwa Feliz María de Samaniego
8. kutsanzikana ndi nkhalamba ya Juan Meléndez Valdés
9. Mawu a anthu a Benito Gerónimo Feijoo
10. Nthano zolemba za Tomás de Iriarte
11. Akalulu awiri a Tomás de Iriarte
12. Ode ya Anacreontic kupita ku dorila wolemba Juan Meléndez Valdés
13. Ode VII wachikondi ndi Juan Meléndez Valdés
14. Ode X wachuma cha Juan Meléndez Valdés

Zamakono: Zoona Zenizeni ndi Zachilengedwe

• Zoona:

1. Juanita la Larga wolemba Gustavo Courbet
2. Kugwa kwa Nyumba ya Usher wolemba Edgar Allan Poe
3. Oliver Twist wolemba Charles Dickens

• Zachilengedwe

1. Nkhani ku Ninon wolemba ilemile Zola
2. Doña Perfecta wolemba Benito Pérez Caldos
3. Fortunata ndi Jacinta wolemba Benito Pérez Caldos
4. Kuvomereza Kwa Claude wolemba Émile Zola
5. Funso loyaka moto la Emilia Pardo Bazán
6. Chikhalidwe cha amayi a Emilia Pardo Bazán
7. Ntchito ya William Baker wojambula waku America
8. Madzulo a Médan wolemba ilemile Zola
9. Marianela de Benito Pérez Caldos

Vanguardism: Chiwonetsero, Kutsogolo, Cubism, Dadaism, Creationism, Ultraism, Surrealism

1. Zamanyazi bwanji! ndi León Felipe
2. Ogasiti 1914 wolemba Vicente Huidobro
3. Ebony weniweni wolemba Nicolás Guillén
4. Mbalame ndi Octavio Paz
5. A Black Heralds a César Vallejo
6. Ode kwa Rubén Darío wolemba José Coronel Urtecho
7. Ndakatulo XX wolemba Pablo Neruda
8. Una Risa y Milton wolemba Jorge Luis Borges

Zolemba Zopezeka

1. Mwamuna Woukira wolemba Albert Camus
2. Kukhala ndi Zachabe ndi Jean-Paul Sartre
3. Nausea ya Jean-Paul Sartre
4. Mliri wa Albert Camus
5. Amuna onse amafa ndi Simone de Beauvoir

Zolemba Zachikazi

1. Abele wa Ana María Matute
2. Malo okhala azimayi achisoni a Marcela Serrano
3. Nkhani Ya Mdzakazi wa Margaret Atwood
4. Fiesta kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ana María Matute
5. Amalonda a Ana María Matute
6. Ife omwe timakondana kwambiri ndi Marcela Serrano
7. Chifukwa chake simundiyiwala za Marcela Serrano

Zolemba zabodza zasayansi

1. Maziko a Isaac Asimov
2. War of the Worlds wolemba H. G Wells
3. Maloto a Androids a Nkhosa Zamagetsi wolemba Philip K. Dick
4. Ulendo wopita pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi Jules Verne

Zolemba Zakale Zaku America

1. Mtengo wa Utsi wa Denis Johnson
2. Ufumu wa Richard Russo Ugwera Nthawi Yathu Nyimbo ndi Richard Powers
3. Chifukwa chake tafika kumapeto kwa Joshua Ferris
4. Central Europe wolemba William T. Vollman
5. Gileadi lolembedwa ndi Marilynne Robinson
6. Nthabwala yopanda malire ', wolemba David Foster Wallace
7. Msewu waukulu wa Cormac McCarthy
8. The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Klay wolemba Michael Chabon
9. Moyo Wosalala wolemba Richard Price
10. Dziko Loyipa: Anthu Akuyandikira ndi Annie Proulx
11. Pastoralia wolemba George Saunders.
12. Kodi ndi chiyani cha Dave Eggers
13. Wachiwiri kwa a Thomas Pynchon

Zolemba Zakale Zaku Puerto Rico Zolemba

1. Ukwati wamagazi wa Federico García Lorca
2. Zaka zana limodzi za kukhala wekha ndi Gabriel García Márquez
3. Akazi a Bárbara de Rómulo Gallegos
4. Dziko lapansi ndi lotalikirana ndi Ciro Alegría
5. Ngalande ya Ernesto Sábato
6. Jorge Luis Borges zopeka
7. Mzindawu ndi agalu a Mario Vargas Llosa
8. Mgwirizano wa Mario Benedetti
9. Mitsinje yakuya ya José María Arguedas
10. Pedro Páramo wolemba Juan Rulfo
11. Platero y yo wolemba Juan Ramón Jiménez
12. Trilce wolemba César Vallejo
13. Ndakatulo zachikondi makumi awiri ndi nyimbo yosimidwa ndi Pablo Neruda