Zamkati
Funso la kufunika ndi imodzi mwazokambirana kwambiri pazokambirana zachuma, mpaka pomwe akatswiri ambiri pamutuwu adayamba kusanthula ndikudabwa kuti ndichifukwa chiyani anthu asankha kugwira ntchito, ndikusinthana ndi zomwe ndimagwirira ntchito pazinthu zina. Zokambirana zonse zokhudzana ndi lingaliro lamtengo wapatali zimabweretsa mikangano yambiri yomwe imakhudza chuma, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mbali zokhudzana ndi nzeru.
Chuma Chakale
Chiphunzitso chachikale chachuma, chokhazikika pa Adam smith kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu anaganiza kuti ntchito ndi mtundu weniweni wa muyeso womwe umatsimikizira kufunika kwake. Zosintha pamtengo zilipo, koma kumbuyo kwawo nthawi zonse kuli ntchito yomwe yasungidwa mwa iwo kuti isinthe, yomwe ndi njira yotsimikizika komanso yosasinthika yamtengo.
Patapita nthawi, a David Ricardo adatenga lingaliro la Smith ndikuwonjezera, poganizira kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya katundu, yomwe imaberekanso ndi yomwe siili: yoyamba idzadalira ntchito yomwe idakwaniritsidwa, pomwe yachiwiri idzadalira a kusowa.
Onse azachuma, komabe, kusiyanitsa pakati pa kuwerengera monga kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa katundu potengera kuwunika kosinthana: Komabe, kupeza phindu pantchito yomwe yasungidwa kuti akwaniritse malonda kumafalitsa masomphenya awiriwa pakati pawo.
Mitundu Yina: Ma Austrian ndi Marxists
Chuma chamakono chodziwika bwino chomwe chadzipereka kwambiri pakuphunzira mosamala ndi sukulu ya austria, yomwe imawona kuti mtengo womwe ogula amapereka pachinthucho ndiwokhudzana ndi zosowa, zomwe zimayambira payekha payekha komanso makamaka. Amaona kuti mtengowo sungapangidwe ndipo sungapangidwe: kupanga kumangopanga zinthu zomwe zili ndi phindu kutengera momwe ogula amazipangira.
Pulogalamu ya Chiphunzitso cha Marxist, chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, chimaganizira mwapadera malingaliro amtengo wapatali kuposa kale lonse. Kodi ndiye masomphenya awiri omwe ali ndi kulimbika Mlingaliroli, ndikuti likwaniritse chosowa, ngakhale chili m'gulu limodzi la katundu, tsango la kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe anthu amapanga zomwe sizingafanane ndi zomwe zimakhala chifukwa chokhala ndi chinthu chofanana, chomwe ndi anthu ogwira ntchito otsekedwa pakupanga katundu aliyense, makamaka ntchito zopeka za anthu, popeza sizikugwirizana ndi zinthu zofunika kuchita pagulu. Kutsutsa kupezeka kwa ntchito m'zinthu zonse ndikofunikira pamapeto omaliza a Marx, ndi lingaliro lamtengo wapatali.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Mayiko Achikhalidwe Masiku Ano
Chifukwa chake, masomphenya amtengo wapatali omwe amaperekedwa m'mbiri yonse anali osiyana.
Ganizirani za kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtengo wosinthanitsa imabweretsa kutanthauzira kwachuma, chifukwa chake zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali zidzafufuzidwa, kuwunikira momwe zingatanthauziridwe nthawi zina.
- Wogwira ntchito yemwe amatha kupanga mawotchi anayi patsiku, ali ndi antchito ake a gwiritsani ntchito maola anayi patsiku.
- Pulogalamu ya mtengo wosinthanitsa za zinthu zobwezeretsedwanso, za Marxism, zimasinthika mu nthawi yolembedwa yantchito yofunikira pakukwaniritsidwa.
- Pulogalamu ya mtengo wosinthanitsa chovala chimasinthasintha chaka chonse komanso pankhani ya mafashoni, ngakhale ntchito yomwe idasungidwa momwemo ndiyokhazikika.
- Katundu waulimi amalembedwa pamsika wapadziko lonse ndi mtengo umodzi pamenepo, motero amakhala ndi mtengo wosinthanitsa otchulidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
- Pulogalamu ya gwiritsani ntchito Zogulitsazo ziyenera kulingaliridwa mozama, malinga ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe ingakhale ndi nthawi yomwe wogula sagula ina.
- Pulogalamu ya gwiritsani ntchito za makina ndi kuthekera kopanga popanda kutha.
- Pulogalamu ya gwiritsani ntchito ya kompyuta ikhala yosiyana ndi mwana, kuposa wopanga mapulogalamu.
- Mtengo wamasheya ndi zotchinjiriza ngongole zimasinthasintha pamsika, zikuyenda mpaka kufikira zotsimikizika mtengo wosinthanitsa.
- Pulogalamu ya gwiritsani ntchito ya ndiwo zamasamba zitha kukhala zakumwa, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga chakudya china.
- Zinthu monga zojambula zimatsimikizira kufunika kwake pokhudzana ndi zofunikira zopangidwa ndi akatswiri, kukhala zawo mtengo wosinthanitsa zosiyana kutengera wowonera.
