Zamkati
Pansi pa dzina la Nthata agawidwa kuti mndandanda waukulu kwambiri wama arachnids ang'ono (mamilimita ochepa chabe), zomwe zili m'gulu la zolengedwa zakale kwambiri zopezeka kumtunda, popeza pali zakale zakale pafupifupi zaka 400 miliyoni.
Amagawidwa m'malo onse apadziko lapansi komanso m'madzi, komanso m'matawuni ndi zoweta, ndi nyama zolusa kwambiri komanso tiziromboti, ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo yomwe imadyetsa zomera ndikuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe (zotchinga).Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda komanso chisangalalo mwa anthu komanso nyama zina.
Ngakhale pali mitundu pafupifupi 50,000 ya nthata zomwe zafotokozedwa, akuti pali pakati pa 100,000 ndi 500,000 zomwe zikupezekabe.
Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Parasitism
Khalidwe la nthata
Nthata amagawidwa m'gulu la arachnidsChifukwa chake imagawana zamoyo zina monga kangaude ndi chinkhanira: thupi locheperako kapena locheperako lokutidwa ndi chitin, matumba anayi a miyendo yolumikizana ndi chelicerae (pincers) omwe amadyetsa. Mosiyanasiyana parasitic, zowonjezera izi zimasinthidwa kuti zizilume pakhungu ndikuyamwa magazi kapena zinthu zina zofunika.
Malo okhala nthata ndi, monga tanenera, ndizosiyanasiyana, kutha kuzipeza ngakhale pamtunda wa mamita 5000 m'nyanja; Komabe, Sizachilendo kuzipeza m'nyumba zathu, zoyikidwa pamakapeti, nyama zolumikizidwa, zofunda ndi zofunda, chifukwa amadyetsa zidutswa za khungu lakufa lomwe matupi athu amasiya.
Amakhalanso ofanananso ndi ubweya kapena nthenga za nyama ndi tizilombo tambiri.. Mitundu ina imatha kukhala tizirombo taulimi kapena ingayambitse matenda opatsirana, monga nkhanambo (psoriasis).
Mitundu ya nthata
Malinga ndi zakudya zawo, titha kusiyanitsa mitundu inayi ya nthata:
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amadyetsa khungu kapena magazi a nyama, kuphatikiza anthu, kuwononga ndi matenda akhungu.
- Zowononga. Amadyera tizilombo, arthropods ang'onoang'ono kapena ma arachnids ena ang'onoang'ono.
- Ma Detritophages. Amadyera zinyalala zachilengedwe Zotsalira ndi zomera ndi nyama zina, monga mamba, zikopa, tsitsi, ndi zina zambiri.
- Phytophages ndi mycophagi. Amadyetsa zomera, ndiwo zamasamba ndi bowa.
Mite ziwengo
Nthata zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda vuto lililonse. Komabe, malo anu ndi matupi a nthata zakufa ndi zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu ndi mphumu mwa anthu. Zizindikiro zanthawi zonse zotere zimaphatikizapo kuyetsemula, kuchulukana, mphuno, kukhosomola, maso amadzi komanso / kapena khungu lofiira.
Mpweya wabwino wa zipinda nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa, kupewa kupezeka kwa chinyezi, komanso kuyeretsa pafupipafupi ndi madzi otentha (opitilira 60 ° C) pamakapeti, zidole zamtengo wapatali ndi zofunda, komanso kuwonetsa matiresi ndi mapilo nthawi ndi nthawi dzuwa.
Zitsanzo za nthata
- Fumbi mite. "Wamba" mite, nthawi zambiri wopanda vuto lililonse, ngakhale atha kulumikizidwa ndi kupuma komanso chifuwa cha khungu. Ndizotheka kuzipeza kulikonse m'nyumba mwathu, m'masofa ndi mapilo, pamapeti, komwe zimadya zinyalala zamtundu uliwonse. Ndi gawo lazachilengedwe.
- Mphere. Zomwe zimayambitsa nkhanambo, Matenda omwe amavutitsa amuna ndi zinyama zina, ndikupangitsa ming'oma ndi zilonda pakhungu. Izi ndichifukwa choti nthata izi zimakumba ngalande mkatikati mwa minofu, pomwe zimadyetsa ndikuikira mazira awo, kuti mabala asachiritsidwe. Matendawa amatha kufalikira kuchokera kumoyo wina kupita kwina ndi khungu lokhalo losavuta, koma nthawi zambiri limafunikira kuti ukhondo ukhale wabwino.
- Nkhupakupa. Nkhupakupa zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimawononga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama (ng'ombe, agalu, amphaka) ndipo zimatha kudyetsa anthu, zilidi mtundu waukulu wa tiziromboti. Sizinyama zokhumudwitsa zokha, komanso zimanyamula matenda owopsa, monga typhus, matenda a Lyme kapena mitundu ina yamanjenje yamanjenje ndi kuluma kwawo kokha.
- Nsabwe za mbalame. Nthata izi woyamwa magazi (amadyetsa magazi) zimawononga mbalame, makamaka nkhuku, ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kuchulukana kotero kuti nyama zomwe magazi awo amadyetsa ndizosowa magazi. Zimakhala zachilendo kuzipeza mu nkhuku, nkhuku ndi nyama zomwe zimawonjezedwa, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo zimatha kuchoka pachinyama kupita ku china ndikuteteza matendawa.
- Mite wofiira. Dzina la sayansi Panonychus ulmi, Mitengoyi imakhala yofanana ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndi tizilombo toononga nthawi yotentha. Amakonda kubisala ngati dzira ndipo amatuluka masika kumapeto kwamasamba, omwe amawuma ndikugwa chifukwa chake.
- Kangaude wofiira. Nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi red mite, the Tetranychus urticae Komanso ndi kachilombo kofala pamitengo yazipatso, yomwe imapezeka mumitundu yazomera yopitilira 150 yofunikira pakulima. Nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pamunsi pamasamba, pomwe imaluka ulusi (choncho ndi dzina lake).
- Msuzi wa tchizi. Miteyi imakonda kuononga tchizi zomwe zasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali: kupezeka kwake kumadziwika ngati gombe la imvi ndi mealy, pomwe nthata zamoyo, mazira awo ndi ndowe zawo zimapezeka. Kukhudzana ndi nthata izi kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a dermatitis mwa munthu.
- Malo osungiramo katundu kapena weevil. Mtundu wina wa nyumba mite, womwe nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'makabati, momwe umadyera ufa, pasitala ndi mitundu ina yamasamba yopangira zophikira, kapena mitundu ya bowa yomwe imayambira. Mitundu ina monga Glycyphagus zoweta kapena Suidasia medanensis amatha kupanga ziwengo mwa anthu.
- Nkhanambo. Mbalameyi, yomwe imakhudza mbewu za mitundu 30 yazomera zodyedwa, kuyambira mpesa mpaka pistachio, imadziwika kuti nkhanambo kumadera olima ku Spain. Pamasambawo, amadziwika ndi madontho akuda (necrotic) omwe amasiya pamitsempha yawo, koma amatha kupatsira malo obiriwira aliwonse kubzala.
- Nthaka. Nyama izi ndi zina mwazambiri zomwe zilipo, zabalalika pansi pa nkhalango, madambo kapena zachilengedwe zilizonse zomwe zimawapatsa zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe kuti ziwonongeke. Momwemonso, ndi gawo lofunikira pakazunguliridwe kazinthu ndikupanga kulumikizana kotsika kwambiri pagulu lazakudya.
