Zitsanzo za 50 za ulimi wamaluwa (mbewu zamaluwa) - Encyclopedia

Kanema: PWJK: Stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV

Zamkati

Otsalira
Mitundu ya ulimi wamaluwa
Makhalidwe a zokolola zamasamba
Gulu la zokolola zamaluwa

Pulogalamu ya ulimi wamaluwa Ndi sayansi yomwe imasamalira chilichonse chokhudzana ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Izi ndizoyambira ukadaulo wofunikira kubzala, chisamaliro, kukolola, kugawa, mtengo ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwotsatira.

Kuchokera pamawonekedwe okhwima a mawu oti "ulimi wamaluwa”Amatanthauza malo omwe amabzalamo ndiwo zamasamba kapena mbewu. Nthaka iyi ikhoza kukhala yayikulu (ndiye kuti, ingakhale ndi mahekitala mazana) kapena ingokhala ndi ma mita ochepa.

Pulogalamu ya ulimi wamaluwa Ndizo zonse zomwe zimatanthawuza chisamaliro cha ndiwo zamasamba mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yomwe ali.

Otsalira

Ochita ulimi wamaluwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga zosintha zofunikira kuti zokolola zizipeza phindu. Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza apadera, fumigators (kupewa kufalikira kwa tizilombo ndi tizirombo tomwe timavulaza kubzala), mitundu yothirira m'munda, nyengo yoyenera, ndi zina zambiri.

Kusokoneza chibadwa

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo a kusokoneza chibadwa ngati chida chofunikira chothandizira kukula kwa mbewu ndikuti amatha kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda omwe amabisalira pakubzala kwamtundu uliwonse.

Mitundu ya ulimi wamaluwa

Pali bungwe lomwe limayang'anira chilichonse chokhudzana ndi ulimi wamaluwa. Bungweli limatchedwa International Society for Horticultural Sayansi (ZOLEMBEDWA). Gulu ili latsimikiza kuti, mkati mwa ulimi wamaluwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaulimi imatha kusiyanitsidwa:

Kukongoletsa maluwa. Ndi gawo la kulima maluwa komwe kumachita maluwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa zokongoletsera. Ndiye kuti, kugulitsa kwake kumalo ogulitsira ana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa m'nyumba komanso m'minda kapena m'mapaki.
Kulima. Ndi malowa mkati mwa ulimi wamaluwa woyang'anira ndiwo zamasamba kaya ndi mizu, tubers, masamba kapena zipatso.
CHIPATSO. Ndi malo oyang'anira zipatso.
Mitundu yonunkhira komanso mankhwala. Awa ndi madera omwe amachititsa kupanga ndi kutsatsa mitundu ya zonunkhira monga rosemary, lavender, udzu wa mandimu, ndi zina zambiri.

Makhalidwe a zokolola zamasamba

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya mbewu, mbewu zamaluwa zimakhala ndi zina zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi enawo:

Amakhala ndi madzi ambiri (pakati pa 90 ndi 95%)
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, cholinga chake ndi chakuti nthawi yakufesa mpaka kukolola ndiyofupikitsa komanso yayifupi kuti tiwonjeze kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, mfundoyi imadalira mtundu uliwonse wa ndiwo zamasamba komanso nthawi yakukula isanakololedwe.
Sakusowa malo akulu (ngakhale atakulirapo, amafesedwa kwambiri).

Gulu la zokolola zamaluwa

Ndi nkhanza zasayansi. Gulu ili limaganizira za morphological, systemic ndi zokhudza thupi zokhudzana ndi mbeu iliyonse.
Mwadongosolo. Cholinga chake ndikuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino mbewu iliyonse momwe zingathere.
Mtundu wachilengedwe. Zimaganizira malo kapena malo obzala mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa nyengo, kuchuluka kwa mvula, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi zina zambiri.

Gulu lina lomwe lingakhale labwino lazomera zam'munda ndizotengera kuzama koperekedwa ndi mizu yowonjezera. Kukula kumeneku kumaganizira osati masamba okha komanso mtundu wa nthaka popeza, nthawi zambiri dothi louma kwambiri limalepheretsa muzu kukula kwambiri.

Malinga ndi mtunduwu, masamba amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu:

Mizu yachiphamaso (pakati pa 45 ndi 60 cm). Izi zikuphatikiza: