Zokha ndi Oligopolies

Zamkati

• Makhalidwe aumwini
• Makhalidwe a Oligopoly
• Zotsatira zakudziyimira pawokha komanso oligopoly
• Zitsanzo za okha
• Zitsanzo za oligopolies

Pulogalamu ya yekha ndi oligopoly ndi magulu azachuma (momwe kusinthana kwa katundu ndi ntchito pakati pa anthu kumachitika) zomwe zimachitika pakakhala mpikisano wopanda ungwiro pamsika. Pakakhala mpikisano wopanda ungwiro, palibe kufanana kwachilengedwe pakati pazoperekera ndi zofuna kudziwa mitengo ya katundu kapena ntchito.

• Wodzilamulira. Mtundu wamsika wachuma momwe muli wopanga m'modzi, wogulitsa kapena wogulitsa zabwino kapena ntchito. Pamodzi, ogula sangasankhe cholowa m'malo kapena ntchito, popeza palibe mpikisano.
  Mwachitsanzo: Kampani ya De Beers (migodi ndi malonda a diamondi) imayang'anira kwazaka zambiri kupanga ndi mitengo ya diamondi padziko lonse lapansi.
• Oligopoly. Mtundu wamsika wachuma momwe muli opanga ochepa, omwe amagawa kapena kugulitsa zomwe zapatsidwa, zabwino kapena ntchito. Makampani omwe ali mamembala a oligopoly nthawi zambiri amathandizana ndikulimbikitsana kuti athetse mpikisano kuti usalowe mumsika.
  Mwachitsanzo: Pepsi ndi Coca - Cola, m'maiko ena, pafupifupi msika wonse wa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi.

• Itha kukuthandizani: Monopsony ndi oligopsony

M'mitundu yonseyi, pali zolepheretsa zolowera zomwe ndizovuta kuthana ndi makampani kapena magulu omwe akuyesera kulowa mumsika. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chovuta kupeza zothandizira, mtengo waukadaulo, malamulo aboma.

Makhalidwe aumwini

• Mawuwa amachokera ku Chigriki tiuzeni: "m'modzi ndipo poline: "kugulitsa".
• Mpikisano ndi wopanda ungwiro, makasitomala kapena ogula amakakamizidwa kuti asankhe njira imodzi yokha.
• Kampaniyo imayang'anira kupanga ndikuyika mtengo ndi mphamvu yake yamsika popeza, pokhala kampani yokhayo yomwe imapereka, mtengo sukhazikitsidwa ndi kupezeka ndi kufuna.
• Zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala: kugula kapena kuphatikiza makampani; ndalama zopangira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiopanga yekhayo amene angapange chinthu kapena kupeza zinthu zachilengedwe; makampani akunja omwe amakulitsa malire awo kupita kumayiko ena; ziphaso zoperekedwa ndi boma ku kampani imodzi.
• Mayiko ambiri ali ndi malamulo oletsa kutsutsana ndi msika kuti asawongolere msika komanso kuletsa ufulu waomwe akufuna.
• Atha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsatsa popeza siziwongolera zonse.
• Pali ulamuliro wodziyimira wokha pomwe, chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, ndizotheka kuti kampani imodzi ipange zonse. Nthawi zambiri amapereka ntchito zina ndipo amayang'aniridwa ndi boma. Mwachitsanzo: ntchito yamagetsi, ntchito yamagesi, ntchito zanjanji.

Makhalidwe a Oligopoly

• Mawuwa amachokera ku Chigriki oligo: "ochepa" ndi poline: "kugulitsa".
• Pali mpikisano waukulu kuposa wokhayokha, ngakhale sakuwoneka ngati mpikisano weniweni, popeza msika umayendetsedwa ndi makampani amtunduwu omwe, onse, amayang'anira 70% pamsika wonse.
• Mapangano nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsidwa pakati pa makampani opatulira chinthu chomwecho, izi zimawathandiza kuwongolera msika ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zowongolera mitengo ndi kupanga.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zotsatsa komanso zotsatsa.
• Itha kukhala yoyang'anira yokha mdera linalake kapena malo omwe mulibe opikisana nawo omwe akupereka zomwezo kapena ntchito yomweyo.
• Pali mitundu iwiri: oligopoly wosiyanitsidwa, ndizofanana koma zopangidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndizosiyanasiyana pamapangidwe kapena kapangidwe; ndi oligopoly wokhazikika, mankhwala omwewo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
• Pali oligopoly wachilengedwe pomwe kupanga kwakukulu kumapangitsa bizinesi kuti isasunthike kumakampani ang'onoang'ono.

Zotsatira zakudziyimira pawokha komanso oligopoly

Kugonjera ndi oligopoly nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa umphawi pamsika ndikufooketsa gawo lachuma. Kupanda mpikisano weniweni kumatha kubweretsa kusowa kwatsopano kapena kusintha kwa ntchito zoperekedwa ndi makampani.

Mu mitundu iyi wopanga ali ndi mphamvu zonse ndipo ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri. Wogula amataya chifukwa chosowa mpikisano kapena mpikisano wopanda chilungamo kumapangitsa kukwera mitengo ndikutsika kwa zinthu.

Zitsanzo za okha

1. Microsoft. Kampani yamakampani akunja.
2. Telmex. Kampani yaku mafoni yaku Mexico.
3. Saudi Arambo. Kampani yamafuta aku Saudi Arabia.
4. Opanga: NiSource Inc. Kampani yachilengedwe yamafuta ndi yamagetsi ku United States.
5. Facebook. Ntchito zapa media.
6. Aysa. Kampani yamagalimoto yamagulu aku Argentina.
7. Telefoni. Kampani yolumikizirana padziko lonse lapansi.
8. Telecom. Kampani yolumikizirana ku Argentina.
9. Google. Makina osakira omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa intaneti.
10. Manzana. Zipangizo zamagetsi komanso kampani yamapulogalamu.
11. Pemex. Wopanga mafuta ku Mexico.
12. Peñoles. Kugwiritsa ntchito migodi yaku Mexico.
13. Televisa. Makanema aku Mexico.

Zitsanzo za oligopolies

1. Pepsico. Kampani ya zakumwa ndi zakumwa zamitundu yonse.
2. Nestle. Kampani ya zakumwa ndi zakumwa zamitundu yonse.
3. Kellogg's. Kampani yopanga zakudya zamayiko osiyanasiyana.
4. Danone. Kampani yopanga zakudya zaku France.
5. Nike. Kapangidwe kazosewerera zamasewera ndi kampani yopanga.
6. Gulu la Bimbo. Wophika buledi wamayiko ambiri.
7. Visa. Ntchito zachuma kumayiko osiyanasiyana.
8. Mc Donald's. Makina ogulitsa ku America achangu ku America.
9. Zenizeni. Zodzoladzola zaku France ndi kampani yopanga mafuta onunkhira.
10. Mars. Wopanga chakudya chamayiko osiyanasiyana.
11. Mondeléz. Kampani ya zakumwa ndi zakumwa zamitundu yonse.
12. Intel. Wopanga dera wophatikiza.
13. Malo otentha. Masitolo ndi masitolo akuluakulu.
14. Osasintha. Wopanga mayiko azakudya, ukhondo komanso zinthu zaukhondo.
15. Procter & Gamble (P&G). Wopanga mayiko azakudya, ukhondo komanso zinthu zaukhondo.
16. Lala Gulu. Kampani yakudya yaku Mexico.
17. AB inbev. Makampani opanga zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa zambiri.

• Pitirizani ndi: Malire a msika