Maiko Otukuka

Zamkati

• Chitukuko
• Dongosolo Ladziko Lonse M'zaka Zam'ma 2000

Zipembedzo zomwe zimasankhidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito kugawa maiko, nthawi zambiri, ndi positi ya nthawi komanso zomangidwa padziko lonse lapansi zomwe sizikhala zachikhalire. Pulogalamu ya kugawikana kwa 'maiko atatu', komanso chifukwa cholemba mndandanda wamayiko onse mwa atatu mwa mayikowa, adakwaniritsa zofunikira panthawi ya mkangano pakati pa mabungwe achi capitalist ndi achikomyunizimu m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pomwe oyambilira adafuna kupanga mgwirizano pakukula kwa njira zawo zamoyo: chifukwa chake, adadziyika okha mu gawo loyamba, kusiya lachiwiri kubungwe lazachisangalalo ndipo lachitatu kumayiko osaukitsitsa, anafikabe chitukuko.

Pomwe chipani cha socialist chidaponderezedwa, malo a 'dziko lachiwiri' adatsala opanda anthu, ndipo ena adasankha kusiya kulankhula za dziko lachiwiri, pomwe ena adawona kuti kwathunthu mayiko atatu padziko lonse lapansi kenako adapita kwa wachiwiri. Ambiri adaganiza zosiya lingaliro ladziko lachiwiri ndi lachitatu, ndikuyamba kukambirana mayiko omwe alibe chitukuko ndipo pa chitukuko.

Chitukuko

Lingaliro la njira zachitukuko limayankha kulingalira komwe kumaganizira kuti ndi kolowera (ngati njira) njira yomwe mayiko amakula kwambiri kenako ndikukula kwachuma. Kulingaliraku kumatsutsana kwambiri ndi chiphunzitsochi, chimodzimodzi pamalingaliro azachuma, pakugawika kwapadziko lonse lapansi pantchito ndikudziwika kwamayiko: kwenikweni komanso zomvetsa chisoni, kuti dongosolo lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi likufuna kuti mayiko ena akuyenera kusowa chitukuko chachuma.

Mayiko Otukuka Motsutsana Maiko osatukuka

Dongosolo Ladziko Lonse M'zaka Zam'ma 2000

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20 komanso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, chipembedzo cha mayiko omwe akutukuka chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza mayiko onse achitatu, omwe adalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana: kutsogola kwachilengedwe komanso malo opangira zopangira, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachuma komanso chuma, zomwe zimasinthidwanso ndi mabungwe amitundu yambiri, komanso ndalama zochepa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa ndalama zochepa.

Pakadali pano m'zaka zathu zapitazi, dongosolo lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi lasintha ndipo lingaliro la njira zachitukuko lidatembenukira kumayiko omwe adawauza momwe zinthu zilili mosiyana. Ndikuti, pomwe mayiko apakati adakumana pang'ono pakukula kwawo, mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene (mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene) anali ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri mosiyana, zomwe zidapangitsa utsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi kuyamba kufunsidwa monga momwe zimadziwika mpaka nthawi imeneyo, osachepera pakatikati.

Mwa njira iyi, Njira zomwe zidalumikiza mayiko ofunikira kwambiri m'maiko omwe akutukukawa zidachitapo kanthu. Palibe zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe sizimapereka malo oyamba pakukula kwachuma kumayiko amtunduwu, ndi mabungwe omwe amawabweretsa pamodzi, monga BRICS, zikukhala zofunikira kwambiri pamapu apadziko lonse lapansi.

Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Mayiko Apakati ndi Ozungulira

Mndandanda wamayiko omwe akutukuka kumene sunatanthauzidwe ndikupanga mikangano ina. Nawu mndandanda wamayiko omwe akuwerengedwa kuti akutukuka, omwe amatchedwanso mayiko akutukuka: asanu oyamba mwa iwo ndi omwe akutsogolera njirayi yokonzanso mayiko ena.

Onaninso: Kodi Mayiko Atatu Padziko Lonse Ndi Chiyani?