Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya nkhalango Ndi malo okhala ndi zomera zazitali kwambiri, makamaka mitengo ndi zobiriwira, zokhala ndi korona wamtali, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okhala nyama zambiri.
Pulogalamu ya nkhalango Amagawidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi, amasinthidwa nyengo zosiyanasiyana komanso chinyezi komanso kutalika, ndichifukwa chake amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuzungulira kwa kaboni wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Nkhalango imatha kupangidwa ndi gulu lalikulu la mitundu yazomera, kapena kukhala ndi mitengo yofanana. Palibe njira zokhazikika zosiyanitsira nkhalango ndi magulu ena azigawo amitengo, ngakhale kuti mawuwa amakonda nkhalango chifukwa cha nkhalango zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zambiri, komanso malo okwera madera ang'onoang'ono komanso ocheperako kapena nkhalango ndipo Paki kwa owongoleredwa kwambiri, omwe amalowererapo ndi dzanja la munthu.
Mitundu ya nkhalango
Malingana ndi mtundu wa zomera, iwo amagawidwa mu:
- Nkhalango ya Broadleaf (yolimba). Wolemera kwambiri mwa mitundu, nthawi zambiri yofanana kapena pafupi ndi nkhalango.
- Nkhalango yamasamba (conifers). Malo ozizira, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitengo yambiri yazomera komanso zomera masewera.
- Nkhalango zosakanikirana. Komwe awiri am'mbuyomu akuphatikizidwa.
Malinga ndi nyengo yake yamasamba, pali mitundu iwiri:
- Nkhalango zobiriwira. Masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse, osatayika (kapena osachepera).
- Nkhalango zowuma. Zomwe zimataya masamba ake munthawi zina kenako zimakhala zobiriwira.
Malinga ndi latitude ndi nyengo, amagawidwa:
- Nkhalango zotentha. Amadziwika kuti "nkhalango", ndi ochulukirapo komanso obiriwira, nyengo yotentha komanso yanyontho kwambiri, yomwe ili m'lamba la equator.
- Nkhalango zam'madera otentha. Kawirikawiri zimakhala zambiri, zonyowa kapena zowuma komanso zosiyanasiyana
- Nkhalango zotentha. Amakhala m'malo otentha komanso ozizira okhala ndi masamba ambiri a coniferous.
- Nkhalango zachilengedwe. Ili m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi mitengoyo, amakana nyengo ya subpolar.
Malinga ndi kutalika komwe amakulira, atha kukhala:
- Nkhalango za ku Lowland. Zitha kukhala zoyambira, zopanda madzi kapena kusefukira.
- Nkhalango zamapiri. Anagawidwa posandulika premontane, montane kapena subalpine.
Zitsanzo za nkhalango
Nkhalango za Sequoias. Mumitundu iwiri yotchuka kwambiri, Sequoiadendron giganteum ndi Masewera a Sequoia, mitengo iyi Amadziwika kuti ndi akulu kwambiri komanso atali kwambiri padziko lapansi, motsatana. Amadziwika ndi United States, makamaka ku Yosemite ndi Redwood National Parks, zonse zofunika m'mbiri yakale komanso m'nkhalango.
Nkhalango ya Andean Patagonian. Amadziwikanso kuti Nkhalango yozizira ya Valdivian, ili kum'mwera kwa Chile ndi kumadzulo kwa Argentina, m'dera lotentha, lotentha komanso lamapiri pafupi ndi mapiri a Andes.
Nkhalango ya Boulogne. Ndi dera la mahekitala 846, ofanana ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa Central Park ku New York, ndi paki yapagulu ku Paris ndipo ndi imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri ku Europe. Lili ndi zomera zambiri zamitengo yayikulu, yolamulidwa ndi yowetedwa kuti ikwaniritse malo azisangalalo kapena zosangalatsa zam'mizinda.
Hayedo de Montejo. Nkhalango ya beech (Fagus sylvatica) yamahekitala 250, omwe ali kumpoto kwa chigawo cha Madrid, kumalire ndi mtsinje wa Jarama, ku Spain. Ndi umodzi mwamapiri akum'mwera kwenikweni ku kontrakitala ndi tsamba losangalatsa dziko kuyambira 1974.
Taiga waku Russia. Mitengo ya taiga kapena nkhalango zomwe zimapezeka mchigawo cha Siberia ndizochuluka ngakhale kuti kumatentha kwambiri (19 ° C nthawi yotentha ndi -30 ° C m'nyengo yozizira), ndimvula yamvula ya 450mm pachaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewu zimakhala ndi nyengo yabwino miyezi inayi chaka, ngakhale ma conifers obiriwira nthawi zonse amapitilira 40m kutalika.
Nkhalango yaku Bavaria. Ili ku Bavaria, kumwera kwa Germany, imafikira ku Austria ndi Czechoslovakia, komwe imapeza mayina ena (Sauwald ndi Bohemian Forest, motsatana). Ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe aku Europe komanso gwero la zokopa alendo zochuluka, popeza mkati mwake muli Bavarian Forest National Park.
Nkhalango ya Magellan. Ili kumadera akumwera a Mapiri a Andes, komanso ku Tierra del Fuego, imagawana mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nkhalango zina zakumwera ku Australia, Tasmania ndi New Zealand, ngakhale ilinso ndi mitundu yachilengedwe monga mtundu wina wa beech. Nyengo yawo imakhala pakati pa 6 ndi 3 ° C kutengera momwe aliri pafupi ndi Antarctica.
Nkhalango yaSainte Baume. Wodziwika kuti "nkhalango ya Mary Magdalene" komanso pafupi ndi Marseille, France, Amaonedwa kuti ndi nkhalango yosamvetsetseka chifukwa ili ndi phanga momwe munthu wotchulidwa m'Baibulo uja adamwalira atathamangitsidwa ku Palestina. Nkhalangoyi ili pafupifupi makilomita 12 kutalika m'mphepete mwa miyala ndipo lero ndi malo opembedzera a French Provence.
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe ku Conguillío. Ili ku Chilean Araucanía, ili ndi dera la mahekitala 60,832 a mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yapadera m'derali, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kwa araucarias ndi coigües kumakumbutsa nthawi zam'mbuyomu. Chinyezi chake m'derali ndi chochepa, koma nyengo yozizira nthawi yachisanu imabweretsa chisanu.
Paki ya Kanaima. Ili m'chigawo cha Bolívar, Venezuela, ndi UNESCO World Heritage Site kuyambira 1994 ndipo nkhalango yayikulu yachisanu ndi chimodzi padziko lonse lapansi. Amayendera dera la 30,000 km2, mpaka kumalire ndi Guyana ndi Brazil, ndipo ili ndi mitundu yoposa 300 yazomera.
Phiri Lalikulu Lamapiri Osuta. Ndi phiri lokutidwa ndi nkhalango pakati pa zigawo za North Carolina ndi Tennessee, lotchedwa Great Smoky Mountains. Ndi paki yodziwika bwino kwambiri ku United States, potengera udzu wobiriwira wa nyengo yachinyezi komanso yotentha, komanso zotsalira za chikhalidwe chakumwera cha Appalachi chomwe chimakhalamo.
Nkhalango ya Fontainebleau. 60 km kuchokera ku Paris, nkhalango iyi, yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Beer Forest, ili ndi mahekitala 25,000, pakati pake pali mizinda ya Fontainebleau ndi Avon. Ojambula ojambula m'zaka za m'ma 1800 nthawi zambiri ankalimbikitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yolumikizana chifukwa cha luso lanu.
Nkhalango Yakuda. Dera lokwera kwambiri lamapiri kuposa nkhalango yamvula yotentha, chigawo ichi chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Germany sichidafa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zaluso ndipo lero ndi malo ofunikira alendo. Ndi mzere wazomera 160 km kutalika ndipo pakati pa 30 ndi 60 km mulifupi., kutengera dera, momwe mitengo yamapirisiti imakhazikika.
Nkhalango ya Styx Valley. Nkhalango Yotentha ya Eucalyptus momwe muli maluwa atali kwambiri padziko lapansi ( Eucalyptus regnans), ili m'chigwa cha Tasmania, South Australia, chowoloka Mtsinje wa Styx. Dera lake lonse silikudziwika.
Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Los Haitises. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Dominican Republic kuli dera lodziwika bwino lomwe limayandikana, lomwe limadzala ndi masamba otentha otentha kudera lonse la 3,600 km. Dzinalo limachokera ku mawu achiaborijini kutanthauza matanthwe okwezeka mwadzidzidzi omwe amatha kufika 40m kutalika.
Phokoso la Clayoquot. Nkhalango iyi yomwe ili ndi anthu achilengedwe a Nuu-Chah-Nulth, ili m'mbali mwa gombe lakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Vancouver yawonongedwa ndi mafakitale odula mitengo, chifukwa chokhala ndi zomera zambiri zokhala ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira. Kuteteza nkhalango ndi mafuko komanso omenyera ufulu wa Green Peace adakhala gawo lofunikira pantchito zoterezi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti asayine pangano lachilengedwe mu 2001.
Malo Otetezera Nyanja ya Plitvice Lakes. Malo odziwika bwino a mapaki aku Croatia komanso malo achikhalidwe cha UNESCO kuyambira 1979, Ili ndi dera la mahekitala 30,000, pomwe 22,000 ili ndi nkhalango, 90% ya beech. Pakiyi inali yoyenera kukhala imodzi mwazinthu Zisanu ndi ziwiri Zachilengedwe Padziko Lonse mu 2011.
Nkhalango Yamtundu wa Couvet. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dera la Switzerland limapangidwa ndi nkhalango. Pankhaniyi, yomwe ili ku Neuchâtel, Switzerland, ndi amodzi mwa alendo omwe amabwera kudzaona malo komanso malo ena osungidwa bwino omwe Europe yateteza.
Mapiri a Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa China. Imodzi mwamalo okhala motentha omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe ku Greater Asia, ndi kwawo kwa panda wamkulu yemwe ali pachiwopsezo. 8% yokha ya nkhalango ndiyomwe imasungidwa bwinomonga ena onse ali pachifundo chodula mitengo mosasankha komanso kutukuka kwamatauni.
Nkhalango Zam'madera. Ili mumzinda wa Rosario, Argentina, Ndi malo obiriwira kwambiri mzindawu omwe ali ndi mahekitala 260 owonjezera. Ndi malo omwe anthu amalowererapo kwambiri, kuti akonzenso ziphuphu ndi misewu yambiri, komanso njira zambiri zofufuzira zachilengedwe.
Zambiri?
- Zitsanzo za nkhalango
- Zitsanzo za M'zipululu
- Zitsanzo za Flora
- Zitsanzo za Flora ndi Fauna
- Zitsanzo za Malo Opangira
