Zitsanzo za Zinyalala Zowopsa

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Mitundu ya zinyalala zowopsa
Zitsanzo za zinyalala zowopsa

Zimamveka ndi zotsalira zowopsa zonse olimba, amadzimadzi, amadzimadzi omwe, chifukwa chopangidwa ndi kusintha kwina, kapangidwe kake kapena kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka anthu, ali ndi zoopsa m'moyo, onse aanthu komanso a mitundu ina.

Zinyalala izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito koma sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, koma zili ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwazinthu zomwe zimawonedwa ngati zowononga thanzi la anthu komanso zachilengedwe:

Kutupa. Kutha kuyambitsa zokha moto ndikuyambitsa moto.
Kuopsa. Zimanenedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi poyizoni kapena zopatsirana, ndiye kuti zimatha kukopa thupi lomwe limalumikizana nawo mpaka kufa kapena matenda.
Kuphulika. Zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika ndi kayendedwe kabwino ka zinthu ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimayambitsanso moto.
Kubwezeretsanso. Ili ndi dzina lopatsidwa chizolowezi cha zinthu zina zosakhazikika kuti ziphatikize mwachangu ndi zachilengedwe, potero zimasintha chilengedwe chawo ndikupangitsa zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimakhudzanso, sizimadziwika.
Kuwononga mphamvu. Chochitika chomwe zinthu zina zosakhazikika mwa ma atomu zimatulutsa tinthu tomwe timadutsa pafupifupi pazinthu zonse zomwe zilipo ndikupanga kusintha kwama molekyulu awo ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa matenda (khansa, leukemia, etc.) kapena kutentha.
Kuwonongeka. Katundu wa zidulo zamphamvu ndi mabasiketi othandizira kuti asungire kapena kusungunula zomwe amakumana nazo, chifukwa cha zovuta zawo za pH. Amatha kupanga zotentha zazikulu m'zinthu zamagetsi.

Mitundu ya zinyalala zowopsa

Kawirikawiri Pali malamulo onse oti azitha kuyimitsa ndikuwononga pakapita nthawi kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala zoopsa padziko lapansi, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa ena ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ena.

Komabe, matani azinthu zamtunduwu pakadali pano amaponyedwa munthaka, nyanja ndi mpweya tsiku lililonse, kuchokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana komanso zochitika zachuma za anthu. Kutengera ndi chiyambi, ndizotheka kuwagawa mu:

Zinyalala zam'mizinda. Omwe akuchokera m'mizinda yapa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala olumikizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutaya katundu ndi ntchito.
Zowonongeka zazing'ono zamakampani. Kaya ndi yolimba, yamadzi kapena yampweya, izi ndi zinthu zochokera kumakampani opanga zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzimitsa komanso zimakhudza kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Zinyalala zazikulu zamafuta. Zogulitsa zamakampani akuluakulu osintha zinthu, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowopsa pachilengedwe ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wozungulira.
Zinyalala kuyaka. Makamaka zinyalala zamadzimadzi ndi zamadzimadzi zomwe kuyaka kwa zinthu zoyaka (monga ma hydrocarboni omwe timagwiritsa ntchito ngati mafuta) zimatulutsa zachilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowopsa m'moyo.
Zinyalala zaulimi. Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zimawonongeka ndizomwe zimapangidwenso, koma zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu zakomwe zimapezeka. Komabe, sizachilendo kupeza mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo pakati pawo.
Zonyansa zankhondo. M'gululi mudzagwa zotsalira za zida zankhondo ndi zoyeserera pankhondo monga bomba la atomiki kapena zida zamankhwala, ndi zina zambiri, komanso zida zachitsulo ndi zophulika zomwe, ngakhale nkhondo itatha, amakhalabe chilengedwe.

Mabatire ndi mabatire. Zipangazi zimapereka mphamvu yaying'ono yamagetsi kudzera pamagetsi amkati mwawo, olimbikitsidwa ndi zidulo ndi zitsulo (makamaka mercury ndi cadmium). Akatopa, kuwasiya kumawononga zovuta zachilengedwe, chifukwa posakhalitsa mapaketi awo amadzasungunuka ndipo asidi amatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe.
Madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'matauni. Mulu wa zinyalala zamadzimadzi ndi zolimba kwambiri zochokera kuchimbudzi zam'mizinda mulibe zinthu zowola zokha zomwe zitha kubweretsa matenda kwa anthu ndi nyama, komanso mafuta otenthedwa kwambiri, zotsalira zamankhwala kuchokera ku zotsukira ndi ena.
Kutaya mbewu za nyukiliya. Plutonium ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi zida za nyukiliya zomwe zimachitika m'malo opangira zida za nyukiliya. Nkhaniyi ndiyomwe imayambitsa khansa komanso mutagenic, ndichifukwa chake imayikidwa muzotengera zotsogola, chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi radiation. Vuto ndiloti zotengera izi, zopangidwa ndi lead, oxidize mwachangu.
Zinyalala zamoyo. Mankhwala oipitsidwa, monga malaya amkati, majakisoni, ndi zida zina, nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda opatsirana omwe amafunikira chithandizo mosamala komanso chapadera. Zambiri mwazinthuzi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito atalandira mankhwala a radiation omwe amawotcha kwathunthu, mu zida za nyukiliya, koma zina zambiri ziyenera kutayidwa.
Madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Makampani ambiri olemera amagwira ntchito ndi madzi ochulukirapo pozizira ndi zina zotulutsa mphamvu, koma kumapeto kwa kayendedwe kawo amatulutsa madzi okhala ndi zitsulo zolemera komanso zinthu zowopsa, zomwe kulowa kwawo mumtsinje kapena kunyanja kuyenera kuchitika. moyenera, chifukwa amadzaza ndi ma sulfates kapena ma nitrate ndi mchere womwe umalepheretsa pH ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'deralo.
Zosefera zachitsulo. Zogulitsa zamagetsi zazitsulo, nthawi zambiri zimatayidwa chifukwa chodalira makutidwe ndi okosijeni mwachangu. Vuto ndiloti, pokhala chitsulo chosagwira ntchito kwambiri, chitsulo chimapanga mchere ndi zidulo mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakanthawi kwamankhwala.
Utoto ndi zotsalira zosungunulira. Malo ambiri otchipa amagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zomwe zimayaka kwambiri pojambula ndi kukonzanso. Kutaya kolakwika kwa zinthuzi kumatha kuyambitsa moto kapena, makamaka, modzidzimutsa, ndikuphulika kwawo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala ma hydrocarbon osasinthasintha.
Mafuta ndi zina zotero. Ma hydrocarboni olemera omwe timachotsa mphamvu, zida za pulasitiki, ma polima ndi zina zambiri, atha kukhala zinyalala zowopsa pakatayika mafuta kapena kuphulika kwa mapaipi amafuta. Phula la mafuta ndilolimba komanso losungunuka m'madzi, ndipo limaphimba chilichonse chomwe chili panjira yake, kuteteza kupuma kwa zomera komanso kuyenda kwa nyama. Zovuta zazikulu zachilengedwe zimachitika chifukwa chosasamalira bwino zinthuzi.
Mafuta ogwiritsa ntchito. Mafuta ndi mafuta ochokera mgalimoto, kukhitchini, ndi zida zina zamakina zimakhala ndi zotha kuyaka komanso zotenthetsera zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala owopsa komanso owononga zinthu. Mwamwayi, amasinthidwa mwanjira zonse pakupanga zotsalira zazomera.
Maziko olimba. Mwachitsanzo, zida za Caustic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga mapepala, ndizopangira mphamvu ndi zopangira zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'chilengedwe, zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga potaziyamu kapena sodium: zimatulutsa kutentha) ndipo zimatha kuyatsa ndikuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe., Kuwonjezera kusintha pH ya chilengedwe mwanjira yovuta kwambiri.
Kutaya zinyalala. Koposa zonse, migodi yosaloledwa - monga garimpeiros ku Amazon - imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuti ipeze golide yemwe amalowetsedwa m'mitsinje, monga mercury. Anthu ambiri aikidwa poizoni ndi kupezeka kwa izi ndi zina zazitsulo mumtsinje ndi m'nyanja zam'madzi, kapena mwa kumeza nsomba zoyipitsidwa kale.
Zotsalira zazaulimi. Kuposa zinyalala zomwe zitha kuwonongedwa, monga zinyalala zazomera, kompositi kapena zinthu zina zomwe zingathe kuwonongeka, tikunena pano za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso feteleza wamankhwala wokhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi sulfure. Zinthu zonsezi zimatsukidwa ndi mvula ndikupita nayo kumitsinje ndi m'nyanja, momwe zimasinthira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi kapena kupatsira matupi a nyama zodyedwa.
Mpweya woopsa wa mafakitale. Zochita zambiri m'mafakitale zimapanga mpweya wochuluka kwambiri wa poizoni, wolumikizidwa ndi zinthu zakupha monga arsenic, chlorine kapena cyanide, ndipo zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, pomwe zina zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa ozoni wosanjikiza, ndipo zina zimawononga mitambo, ndikupanga mvula ya asidi kapena mvula yakupha kuti igwere mmbuyo.
Mpweya wotsutsa Kumbali inayi, mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kapena amapanga mpweya womwe sugwiritsa ntchito poizoni kapena wowopsa (monga mpweya wopanda mphamvu), koma kuti mosalamulirika ungachotsere mpweya kuchokera mlengalenga ndikulemetsa nyama zapafupi, zomwe zimafunikira kusamala mosamala. .
Magalasi ndi makhiristo ena. Galasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso ndi yotetezeka, ndizowona, koma ikawonongedwa molakwika, imatha kukhala ngati mandala owunikira dzuwa kenako kuyatsa moto. Mahekitala ambiri am'nkhalango amadyedwa chaka chilichonse ndi izi zosayembekezereka koma zotetezedwa.