![F3000 Birmingham Superprix 1990](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DEjXYHTuCQU/hqdefault.jpg)
Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya zankhanza Ndiwoyipa kwa chilankhulo chomwe chimakhala ndi kutchula kapena kulemba mawu ena molakwika, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osayenera, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi tanthauzo linalake, pomwe tanthauzo lake ndi losiyana. Mwachitsanzo: Naides, gee, wapita.
Chilankhulo cha Chisipanishi (monga ena onse) chimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo kuti kulumikizana, kaya pakamwa kapena polemba, kukhale kogwira ntchito, komwe pang'ono kumadalira wolandirayo kumvetsetsa kapena kutanthauzira uthengawo.
Anthu ambiri pasukulu akupeza mawu oyambira komanso chidziwitso chokhazikika chomwe chimayang'anira chilankhulo chawo ndipo amatha kupanga mawu ndi ziganizo poyankhula ndi kulemba moyenera.
Zitsanzo za nkhanza
Nazi zina zankhanza zofala monga chitsanzo, ndikufotokozera komwe kuli mawu olondola:
- ‘Wagula’ chifukwa mudagula.
- 'Guevo' dzira lililonse
- 'Kutsegulira' potsegulira
- 'Palibe' popanda aliyense
- 'Picsa' ya pizza
- 'Kukopa' ndi funso
- 'Kutanthauzira' nyengo yoipa
- 'Unali' bwanji wapita
- ‘Onse'onse
- 'Jrito' ndi yokazinga
- ‘Adapanga'Kotero adamuthamangitsa (adamuuza kuti achoke)
- 'Chiheberi' ndi Israeli (wobadwira ku Israeli)
- 'Thirani' zothira
- 'Mhindu' ndi Indian (wobadwira ku India)
- 'Kuliza lipenga' kupunthwa
- 'Zowonjezera' ndi chizolowezi
- 'Kupatula' chifukwa kupatula
- Ndi 'Lego' m'munda (zikutanthauza kuti simuli katswiri pankhaniyi, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito mukafuna kunena zina)
- 'Libido' kwa libido
- 'Panali' chifukwa kumeneko
Makhalidwe achiwawa
Lingaliro la nkhanza Zimakonda kukhala zoseketsa chifukwa, ngati titayang'ana za etymology yake, wachilendo amakhudzana ndi achiwawa, okonda zachiwerewere kapena osasamala, ndikupereka lingaliro loti nkhanza zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe chazikhalidwe zochepa , osapatsidwa luso la chilankhulo kuti azindikire njira zolondola za chilankhulo.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri nkhanza sizimangotsatira kutsatira malamulo azilankhulo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati sizoyenera kutero, ndichifukwa chake chisokonezo ndizomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi.
Sizodabwitsa kuti nkhanza ndizo:
- Zolakwitsa zapadera za ana. Mwachitsanzo: Inelipenga (m'malo mwa Ndinapunthwa)
- Kulumikizana kolakwika kwa ma verbs. Mwachitsanzo: ndikudziwa (m'malo mwa Ndikudziwa) kapena Musagwe (m'malo mwa Musagwe)
- Zambiri zomangidwa molakwika. Mwachitsanzo:Mapazi anga akumva kuwawa (m'malo mwa Mapazi anga akumva kuwawa)
- Enaziganizo za gentilic. Pazochitikazi, pali vuto lina, lomwe ndi dzina lomweli m'fupikitsidwe kake (mwachitsanzo:Santiago) atha kutanthauza mizinda yosiyanasiyana (S. del Estero, S. de Chile, S. de Compostela), ndipo awa amatenga mayina osiyanasiyana: santiagueño, santiaguino ndi santiaguense, motsatana.
Zankhanza zina
Lingaliro lina lachiwawa limakhudzana kwambiri ndi tanthauzo la teremuyo ndipo limafanana ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika chifukwa chongodziwa kuperewera kwawo matchulidwe, matchulidwe kapena tanthauzo.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti chiyambi choyambirira cha nkhanza izi ndikutumiza kwa mibadwo yamawu osatchulidwa kapena ogwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, omwe adzabwerezedwenso ndi vuto lomwelo.
Nthawi zina nkhanza zimalumikizidwa ndi matchulidwe amchigawo china komanso kukhudzidwa kwa zilankhulo zina m'magulu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawonjezeranso chinthu china chodziwitsa zolakwikazo.
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Mabanja achikhalidwe
- Zipolopolo
- Lexicon wachigawo ndi lexicon yachijeremani
- Malo (ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana)
- Ziphuphu
- Xenisms
Tsatirani ndi:
Achimereka | Magalasi | Chilatini |
Anglicisms | Zachijeremani | Zosintha |
Ma Arabiya | Agiriki | Ma Mexico |
Zakale | Zachilengedwe | Quechuisms |
Zachiwawa | Chiitaliya | Vasquismos |