Katundu wamkulu

Ndi dzina la likulu Kudziwika kwa katundu yense kuti pakupanga kwake amayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zopanga m'njira yoti apeze katundu womaliza woti azidya.

Pulogalamu ya ndalama zabwino imapanga mtundu wa capital, womwe ndi chuma chomwe anthu ena amatha kutero sinthani mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zilibe phindu (kapena mukhale nacho muyeso), m'zinthu zomaliza zomwe muli nazo (kapena ali nacho pamlingo wokulirapo kuposa kuphatikiza kwake).

Pulogalamu ya chitukuko cha katundu likulu Ichi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndalama za capitalism, ndipo gawo lofunikira lomwe Karl Marx, wotsutsa wake wamkulu, adalongosola za capitalism amalekanitsa anthu pakati pa omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri ndi iwo omwe sali: pakupanga, otsiriza ali ndi antchito awo okha. Katundu wamkulu amene amalola kufutukula zinthu za ogulitsa amapangidwa ndi makampani olemera.

Pulogalamu ya ndalama zabwino Amadziwikanso potenga chinthu (nthawi zina chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe, nthawi zina chimakhala chapakatikati chomwe chimafotokozedwanso) ndikusintha kukhala china ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ogula bwino koma pamapeto pake ikhoza kukhala phindu lina lalikulu, popeza ndichidziwikire kuti njira zina zopangira zimawatsimikizira. Katundu wa ogula ndiye ulalo womaliza mu unyolo zipatso (yopangidwa ndi makampani owala).

Pogwiritsa ntchito, chuma chamtengo wapatali sichikhala chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse koma, m'malo mwake, chimatha kuwonongeka chotchedwa kuchotsera, yomwe amataya phindu linalake: njira zopangira siziyenera kungokwanira kubweza kusiyana pakati pamtengo wazinthu zomalizira ndi zopangira, komanso chipukutira cha kutaya mtengo wamtengo wapatali panthawiyi chikuyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Pulogalamu ya capital ntchito yabwino kudzera, pakupanga, sintha ndalama kukhala ndalama zambiri, zomwe ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndikubzala ndalama: ndichifukwa chake ndalama zomwe zimalandila chiwongola dzanja chimatchedwanso capital.

Njira yomwe ndalama zabwino zimapangidwira nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa mosavuta kudzera mwa chitsanzo, za munthu wosungulumwa pachilumbachi yemwe amakhala masiku ake akudumpha ndikutsitsa zipatso 10 pamitengo patsiku, mpaka sabata lapatulidwira kuti apange makwerero kenako mutha kutsika 50 patsiku.

Pazonsezi, kaphatikizidwe ndi kamene kali pazonse zomwe gulu limapanga, gawo lakumwa liyenera kuperekedwa ngati katundu wofunikira atha kupezeka, zomwe mtsogolomu zidzatanthauza chinthu chachikulu kenako kuthekera kokugwiritsa ntchito (komanso pomanga katundu). Kukula kumeneku kwa zinthu zazikulu (komanso mitundu ina ya ndalama) kumatchedwa ndalama. China ndi amodzi mwamayiko padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazogulitsa zomwe zidayikidwa kuti zibweretse ndalama, kachigawo kochepa pafupifupi 50%.