Maziko Amankhwala

Zamkati

• Ntchito zapansi
• Zitsanzo zazitsulo zamankhwala

A m'munsi mankhwala ndizo zonse Chida chomwe chimasungunuka chimatulutsa ayoni ya hydroxyl (OH^–). Mabasiketi amadzi amadziwikanso kuti alkalis, chifukwa podzipatula ndi kumasula magulu a hydroxyl, pH za mayankho zimawonjezeka, ndiye kuti, yankho limakhala lamchere. Izi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika a asidi, chifukwa pamenepo pH imachepa ndipo yankho limakhala losavuta.

Pulogalamu ya mabesi ali ndi kulawa kowawa kwamakhalidwe. Pambuyo posungunuka, zotulukazo zimayambitsa magetsi (chifukwa chakupezeka kwa ayoni) ndi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyipa komanso zopweteka pakhungu ndi ziwalo zina za anthu ndi nyama.

Zitsulo amachepetsa zidulo, nthawi zambiri amapanga mchere. Njira zamchere zimamvera kuterera kapena sopo; Izi zimachitika chifukwa nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa saponification ya mafuta kupezeka pakhungu.

Pulogalamu ya Kusungunuka kwa ma hydroxide kumadalira chitsulo: za gulu (I) ndizosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, komano, ma hydroxide azinthu okhala ndi digiri ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni (II) samasungunuka pang'ono ndipo a degree of oxidation (III) kapena (IV) samasungunuka . Amines ndi maziko a acid acid ndi omwe amafala kwambiri pazachilengedwe.

Ntchito zapansi

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani: ndiomwe amatchedwa soda yoyipa. Popanga fayilo ya sopo mafuta a nyama kapena masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawiritsa nawo hydroxide sodium, motero sodium stearate imapangidwa.

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zotsukira uvuni, popanga zamkati zamapepala ndi zina zotsuka m'nyumba. Malo ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi calcium hydroxide, yomwe ndi layimu kuchotsera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.

Zitsanzo zazitsulo zamankhwala