Zamkati
Amatchulidwadongosolo lokhalokha la thermodynamic kwa amene sasinthanitsa mphamvu kapena kanthu ndi malo omwe akukhalamo. Ndiwo, chifukwa chake, machitidwe abwino, kulibe zenizeni kupatula kwakanthawi kanthawi komanso malinga ndi malingaliro ena.
Pali njira ziwiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamawu apaderawa, imodzi yamagetsi ndi inayo mu thermodynamics.
Pamagetsi, makina amagetsi akutali ndi omwe amagwira ntchito kunja kwa netiweki, ndipo amatero kutali chifukwa cha magetsi odziyimira pawokha, monga ma solar, ma turbine kapena magetsi otentha.
Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwambiri kwa mawuwa ndi kwachiwiri, kutanthauza thermodynamics kapena nthambi ya fizikiki yomwe imafufuza makina a kutentha ndi mphamvu.
Nthawi zonse amatchedwadongosolo gawo lenileni lomwe zinthu zake zimagwira ntchito muulamuliro wocheperako kapena wina ndi mnzake. Thupi la munthu, dziko lapansi kapena Milky Way titha kumvetsetsa ngati machitidwe.
- Onaninso: Matenthedwe ofanana
Mitundu yama thermodynamic system
Nthambi iyi ya fizikiya nthawi zambiri imasiyanitsa mitundu itatu yamachitidwe:
- Tsegulani dongosolo. Izi zimasinthana momasuka zinthu ndi mphamvu ndi malo ake, monga madzi am'nyanja, omwe amatha kutentha, kutentha kwamadzi, kuzirala, ndi zina zambiri.
- Makina atsekedwa. Izi zimangosinthana mphamvu koma osatengera chilengedwe chake, monga chidebe chatsekedwa cha pulasitiki, chomwe sichingachotsedwe koma chimatha kuzirala kapena kutenthedwa.
- Akutali dongosolo. Kuti sichisinthanitsa kanthu (misa) kapena mphamvu ndi chilengedwe chake. Palibe machitidwe apadera.
- Itha kukutumikirani: Makina otseguka, otsekedwa komanso akutali
Zitsanzo za machitidwe akutali
- Zovala zamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito masuti amenewa kumateteza kwakanthawi kusinthana kwa kutentha pakati pamadzi ndi thupi, ndikulepheretsa kulowa mkati.
- Thermos. Kwa kanthawi, ma thermos amatha kupatula kutentha komwe kuli mkatimo ndikupewa kutuluka ndi kulowa kwa mphamvu ndi zinthu.
- Kutentha kotentha.Zipindazi zimagwira ntchito potengera kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zolowetsera kutentha, zomwe zimakhala zozizira kwakanthawi. Nthawi imeneyo ikadutsa, zomwe zimayambika zimayamba kutentha.
- Igloos a Eskimo. Zapangidwa mwanjira yoti palibe kutentha kapena chinthu chomwe chimalowera kapena kutuluka.
- Chosungira mpweya. Mpweya uli mkati mopanikizika, mpweyawo umasiyana ndi vutoli komanso mphamvu mozungulira mozungulira, chifukwa ndizotheka kuti kutenthetsa kwa silinda kumakakamiza mpweya kuti uwonjezeke ndipo tsoka limachitika.
- Chilengedwe chonse. Chilengedwe ndichinthu chokhachokha popeza palibe chomwe chimalowamo kapena kutuluka, kaya ndi mphamvu kapena mphamvu.
- Zakudya zamzitini. Momwe zinthu ziliri, zakudya izi sizingasinthane kapena mphamvu. Zachidziwikire, ndikotheka kutenthetsa kapena kuziziritsa, ndipo ngakhale kuzisungunula kutenthedwa kwambiri, koma ngakhale pamenepo kwa kanthawi (kochepa) chakudyacho chimachotsedwa kutentha.
- Malo otetezeka.Zomwe zili m'mabeseni zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zigawo zazitsulo zazitsulo kuchokera kumalo ake, zopatukana ndi zinthu ndi mphamvu, osachepera munthawi zonse: tikaziponya m'phiri ndizowona kuti zidzasungunuka ndipo zomwe zili mkatizi ziwotchedwa.
- Chipinda cha hyperbaric. Zothandiza kwambiri kupatula mitundu ingapo ndi ma thovu a nayitrogeni m'magazi awo kuchokera mumlengalenga, chipinda chazowonongera sichimalola kusinthana kwa zinthu kapena mphamvu, kapena osakwanira kuchuluka kwake.
- Tsatirani ndi: Homeostasis
