Chichewa has mitundu itatu ya verebu ndi phindu mtsogolo. Kusankha kwanu nthawi zambiri kumasankhidwa kutengera kutsimikiza kwake ameneyo ali ndi ulemu pazomwe zatsimikiziridwa, mbali ina, ndi msinkhu wa zomwe zomwe zafotokozedwazo zidzachitika, mbali inayo.
Mwa mitundu itatu ya verebu yomwe ili ndi phindu mtsogolo, chilinganizo cha 'kupita ku' chimadziwika. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza zochitika zamtsogolo zomwe zimayenderana ndi dongosolo lomwe likukonzedwa komanso ulemu womwe sizikukayika kuti zidzachitikadi.
Njira zina ziwiri ndizakutsogolo kudzera mwa wothandizira 'Kodi', pazisankho zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe mtsogolo, osati mwachangu komanso pamapeto pake osakhala otetezeka. Ndipo ma verbs osiyanasiyana mu kupezeka mosalekeza, kufotokoza zomwe zakonzedwa munthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Mawu omwe akuphatikizapo mawu oti 'kupita', ndiye, ku kufotokoza zochita mtsogolomu zomwe, makamaka, ndizotsimikizika. Koma imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza zolosera zolimbikitsidwa ndi zochitika zinazake zomwe zimatsogola ndikuwonetsetsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa zochitikazo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwana akusewera ndi galasi, wamkulu pafupi naye atha kunena kuti 'Mukapitiliza kuchita izi (pano zosavuta), muphwanya galasi (mtsogolo)', zomwe zikufanana ndi kunena kuti: "Ngati pitilizani kusewera ndi galasi ija mudzayiphwanya ”.
Ngati mawuwo sakufuna kuchitidwa motsimikiza, titha kunena kuti ngati mupitiliza kuchita izi zitha kuthyola galasi, koma pamenepo simukuyeneranso "kupita" koma kuzinthu zina zomwe zikusonyeza zazikulu kapena zochepa mwayi chochitikacho chimachitika ('mwina' kapena 'mwina', motsatana), ndikutsatira zomwe zili zosavuta.
Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kosafupika kwafotokozedwa. Momwemo kufunsa mafunso, njira yachizolowezi yachingerezi yosinthira udindo pakati pa wothandizira ndi mutu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ('kodi mugula galimoto yatsopano?' monga 'kodi mugula galimoto yatsopano?').
Kumbali ina, 'kupita' kumatha kuoneka ngati kale, zomveka kufotokoza zamtsogolo zomwe zatchulidwa kale: 'Timagula nyumbayo pomwe adatiuza kuti ngongole yatsutsidwa' ('Tidagula nyumbayo pomwe adatiuza kuti ngongole yatsutsidwa').
Nawu mndandanda wokhala ndi zitsanzo za ziganizo ndi 'kupita ku'
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Andrea ndi mphunzitsi wachilankhulo, ndipo pa akaunti yake ya Instagram amaphunzitsa payekha pavidiyo kuti muphunzire kulankhula Chingerezi.
