Zitsanzo za bowa

Kanema: BOWA ARC 400 HF Generator - Universal electrosurgical unit

Zamkati

Zitsanzo za bowa

Dzina "bowa”Ndi mawu achiyero a ufumu wonse wa anthu mayankho (omwe ali ndi ma cell a nucleated) omwe amadziwika kuti funghi, ndipo nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo bowa, nkhungu ndi yisiti (ngakhale makamaka zoyambilira), chifukwa zimasiyana ndi zomera ndi nyama momwe zimapangidwira komanso momwe amadyetsera komanso kubereka.

Mwachitsanzo, mamembala a ufumuwo funghi Ali ndi maselo okhala ndi khoma lachilengedwe ngati zomera, koma m'malo mopangidwa ndi selulosi, amapangidwa ndi chitin, gawo lomwelo lomwe limapezeka mchikopa cha tizilombo. Nthawi yomweyo, amaberekana ndipo zovomerezeka, kudzera pakupanga ma spores; ali osasunthika pakukhalapo kwawo ndipo amadyetsa kudzera pakupesa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ambiri komanso malo osiyanasiyana zotheka.

Pulogalamu ya zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ya bowa ndi yotakata kwambiri, pali bowa wodyedwa komanso wakupha, mafangayi ndi mafangasi amtchire, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu, ma coprophiles ndi ma pyrophiles, koma ambiri amafunikira chinyezi ndi zopatsa thanzi kuti zikule. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuzipeza kuchokera kuzipululu, malo amchere, poyera poizoniyu kapena pansi pa nkhalango zotentha kwambiri.

Nthambi ya sayansi yomwe idadzipereka pakuphunzira mitundu yamtunduwu imadziwika kuti Mycology.

Bowa wamba (Agaricus bisporus). Bowa wazakudya wabwino kwambiri, wobadwira ku Europe ndi North America, ndi gawo la magawo ambiri am'mimba ndipo amalimidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, yokhala ndi hypha yayifupi komanso chipewa chozungulira.
Bowa la Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum). Mafangayi a khungwa la khungwa la mitundu yambiri yamitengo, yomwe imagawidwa m'malo otentha komanso ozizira, ndi imodzi mwa bowa wakale kwambiri wodziwika. Nthawi zambiri amakhala amitundu yosiyana, okhala ndi chipewa chowoneka ngati impso chophimba lacquer.
Turkey bowa wamchira (Trametes motsutsana). Bowa wofanana ndi mchira wa Turkey umatengedwa ngati mankhwala ndi chikhalidwe chakale cha ku China, ngakhale kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati chitetezo cha khansa. Nthawi zambiri imamera pamakungwa amtengo wonyowa, miyala, kapena malo otsetsereka.
Apurikoti wobiriwira (Amanita phalloides). Bowa wowopsa wakufa, kapu yakupha kapena mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndi imodzi mwazitsanzo za bowa woopsa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika. Kukhala wofanana kwambiri ndi bowa wina wodya, nthawi zambiri umayambitsa poizoni wakupha, womwe umakhudza chiwindi ndi impso mwachangu. Ali ndi thupi laling'ono komanso lalitali, lokhala ndi chipewa chachikulu, chachikaso..
Onani iwo (Lactarius deliciosus). Amatchedwanso chanterelles kapena robellones, ndi bowa wodziwika ku Spain, wofanana ndi nkhalango zapaini komanso nkhalango zosakanikirana. Amatuluka nthawi yophukira, ndi thupi lofiirira komanso loyera lokhala ndi phazi lopindika komanso lalifupi, lomwe, likathyoledwa, limatulutsa lalabala. Amaphikidwa mu mphodza ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizira nyama.
"Mkate waku India" (Cyttaria harioti). Llao llao kapena buledi waku India, ndi bowa wa parasitic wa mitengo ina ya Patagonian (the ñire ndi coihue makamaka), waku dera la Chile ndi Argentina ku South America. Zimadya. Maonekedwe ake amalepheretsa ngalande zamtchire za mtengowo ndipo mtengowo nthawi zambiri umapanga mfundo kuti udutse chotsekeracho, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha kupezeka kwake.
The huitlacoche kapena cuitlacoche (Ustilago maydis). Bowa wodyedwa, chimfine cha chimanga, chomwe chimagunda makutu achichepere ndikuwoneka ngati ndulu yakuda imachita mdima ikakhwima. Ku Mexico, kumwa kwake kumawerengedwa kuti ndi cholowa cha makolo achi Aztec, ndipo mbale zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo.
Bowa la Mongui (Psilocybe semilanceata). Kuyeza pakati pa 2 ndi 5 cm, ndi chipewa choyera ndi chofiirira chikamakhwima, bowa waku Europeyu wa hallucinogenic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati psychotropic. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zotsutsana ndi serotonin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyambitsa komanso kutulutsa mawu komwe kumatha kubweretsa paranoia ndi mania.
Pompom yabodza (Amanita muscaria). Bowa wamba wamba, ili ndi chipewa chofiira chomwe chitha kulakwitsa kuti oronja ndipo, pomwe chidayamba, chikuwoneka chodzaza ndi tsitsi loyera. Ndi hallucinogen wodziwika bwino komanso neurotoxic, womwe umawipitsa tizilombo tomwe timagwera pachipewa chake ndikusunga magwero ake azinthu zachilengedwe.
Penicillin bowa (Penicillium chrysogenum). Chifukwa chakuwoneka kwangozi kwa bowa uyu pazotsatira zoyesera za Alexander Fleming, tapeza mankhwala opha tizilombo ambiri m'mbiri, penicillin. Pali banja lonse la bowa lomwe lingathe kubisala mankhwalawa.
Yudasi Khutu (Auricularia auricula-judae). Bowa wodyera yemwe amakula pakhungwa ndi nthambi zakufa za mitengo ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wapinki, ndichifukwa chake amalumikizana ndi pinna wamunthu. Ndiwodya ndipo uli ndi maantibayotiki ndi anti-yotupa.
Shitake(Lentinula edode). Bowa wodyedwa wofala kwambiri ku Asia zakudya, amadziwika kuti "bowa wakuda wakutchire" kapena "bowa wamaluwa" kuchokera m'maina awo akomweko. Amayenera kuti amakhala ochokera ku China, komwe mwamtundu wawo amakula pamitengo kapena mbewu zopangira. Wopanga wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi Japan.
Ma truffles akuda (Tuber melanosporum). Mtundu wina wa bowa wodyedwa, woyamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha fungo ndi kununkhira kwake. Amapezeka pansi m'nyengo yachisanu ku Europe ndipo amawoneka wakuda, wokhala ndi njenjete. Ndikowonjezera kwapadera pamasamba a foie gras ndi ma sauces osiyanasiyana.
Candida wamunthu (Candida albicans). Mafangayi amapezeka mkamwa, m'matumbo ndi kumaliseche, ndipo imakhudzana ndi chimbudzi cha shuga kudzera pa nayonso mphamvu. Koma nthawi zambiri imatha kukhala yovuta ndikupanga fayilo ya matenda yisiti, matenda ofala kwambiri komanso ochiritsika bwino opatsirana pogonana.
Phazi la othamanga (Epidermophyton floccosum). Bowa ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kukonda kwa fungal pakhungu la munthu (zipere), makamaka zikakhala, monga zimachitikira othamanga, amakhala otentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi. Amapanga zigawo zakuda zachikaso kapena zobiriwira.
Velvet bowa(Flammulina velutipes). Bowa wodyera wokhala ndi zimayambira zazitali komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, woyamikiridwa kwambiri mu gastronomy yaku Japan chifukwa chakuwumbika kwake komanso kuchuluka kwake m'makungwa a mitengo.
Bowa wa bioluminescent (Omphalotus nidiformis). Mwachitsanzo ku Australia ndi Tasmania, komanso India, bowawu amakhala ndi chisa choyera, chosasinthasintha, chomwe chimanyezimira mumdima. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ngakhale zili zoopsa komanso zosadyedwa.
Chofiira kwambiri (Sarcoscypha coccinea). Bowa padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe limamera pamitengo ndi nthambi zowola pansi munkhalango zanyontho, za mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso pinki. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwamankhwala kumadziwika, ngakhale kuti kutsimikizika kwake kukutsutsanabe ndi olemba odziwika.
Bowa la Aflatoxin (Aspergillus flavus). Pafupipafupi mu chimanga ndi chiponde, komanso ma carpets ataliatali, bowawu umalumikizidwa ndi matenda am'mapapo ndipo umakhala wovuta kwambiri, wokhoza kutulutsa ma mycotoxin owopsa.
Nkhungu Yakuda (Stachybotrys chartarum). Wotentha kwambiri, nkhungu iyi imapezeka m'nyumba zosiyidwa pomwe pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, chinyezi chambiri komanso kuwala pang'ono, komanso kusinthana pang'ono kwa mpweya. Kutulutsa mpweya kwa spores kumatulutsa poyizoni ndi chifuwa chosatha, kutengera kutalika ndi kulimba kwa kukhudzana ndi ma mycotoxin.