Zitsanzo za Coenzymes

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Zitsanzo za coenzymes

Pulogalamu ya coenzymes kapena ziphuphu ali mtundu wawung'ono wa molekyulu ya organic, yopanda mapuloteni, omwe ntchito yake mthupi ndikunyamula magulu amtundu wina wamankhwala pakati pa michere yosiyanasiyana, osakhala gawo la kaperekedweko. Ndi njira yotsegulira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma coenzymes, omwe amapangidwanso mobwerezabwereza ndi kagayidwe kake, kulola kupitiliza kwa kayendetsedwe kake ndikusinthana kwamagulu amakankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma coenzymes, ena mwa iwo omwe amapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi mavitamini kapena amachokera kwa iwo.

Onaninso: Zitsanzo za ma enzyme (ndi ntchito yawo)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH ndi NAD +). Yemwe amatenga nawo mbali pazokonzanso, coenzyme iyi imapezeka mwa onse maselo zamoyo, mwina monga NAD + (yopangidwa kuchokera koyambirira kuchokera ku tryptophan kapena aspartic acid), cholandirira cholandirira ndi electron; kapena monga NADH (oxidation reaction product), yochepetsera wothandizila ndi omwe amapereka ma electron.
Chitsulo A (CoA). Udindo wosamutsa magulu acyl ofunikira pazinthu zingapo zamagetsi (monga kaphatikizidwe ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni a mafuta acid), ndi coenzyme yaulere yochokera ku vitamini B5. Nyama, bowa ndi yolk ya dzira ndi zakudya zokhala ndi vitamini uyu.
Asidi Tetrahydrofolic (Coenzyme F). Amadziwika kuti coenzyme F kapena FH₄ ndipo amachokera ku folic acid (Vitamini B₉), ndikofunikira makamaka pakuzungulira kwa amino acid komanso makamaka purine, kudzera pakupatsirana kwa methyl, formyl, methylene ndi formimino. Kuperewera kwa coenzyme kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi.
Vitamini K. Yogwirizanitsidwa ndi magazi omwe amatseka magazi, imagwira ntchito ngati othandizira mapuloteni osiyanasiyana am'magazi ndi osteocalcin. Amakwaniritsidwa m'njira zitatu: Vitamini K₁, wazakudya zambiri komanso zamasamba; Vitamini K₂ ya bakiteriya ndi Vitamini K₃ zochokera kupanga.
Wopanga F420. Kuchokera ku flavin komanso kutenga nawo mbali ponyamula ma electron mu detox reaction (redox), ndikofunikira pamachitidwe ambiri a methanogenesis, sulfitoreduction ndi oxygen detoxification.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Molekyu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zamoyo zonse kupatsa mphamvu zawo zimachitikira mankhwala ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza ma RNA am'manja. Ndiwo molekyu yayikulu yosamutsa mphamvu kuchokera pa selo limodzi kupita ku linzake.
S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Potenga nawo mbali posamutsa magulu amethyl, adapezeka koyamba mu 1952. Amapangidwa ndi ATP ndi methionine, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira popewa matenda a Alzheimer's. M'thupi amapangidwa ndikudya maselo a chiwindi.
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Amatchedwanso sapropterin kapena BH₄, Ndi coenzyme yofunikira pakupanga nitric oxide ndi hydroxylases of onunkhira amino zidulo. Kuperewera kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi kutayika kwa ma neurotransmitters monga dopamine kapena serotonin.
Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone). Amadziwikanso kuti ubidecarenone kapena coenzyme Q, ndipo amadziwika pakati pa maselo onse a mitochondrial. Ndikofunikira pakupuma kwama cell a aerobic, ndikupanga mphamvu 95% yamthupi la munthu ngati ATP. Amawonedwa ngati antioxidant ndipo amalimbikitsidwa ngati chowonjezera pazakudya, popeza muukalamba coenzyme iyi silingapangidwenso.
Glutathione(GSH). Tripeptide iyi ndi antioxidant komanso cell yoteteza motsutsana ndi zopitilira muyeso ndi poizoni zina. Amapangidwa m'chiwindi, koma khungu lililonse la munthu limatha kupanga kuchokera ku amino acid, monga glycine. Amadziwika kuti ndi mnzake wothandizana nawo polimbana ndi matenda ashuga, njira zosiyanasiyana zamatenda am'mimba komanso matenda amitsempha.
Vitamini C (ascorbic acid). Ndi asidi wa shuga yemwe amagwira ntchito ngati wamphamvu antioxidant ndipo dzina lake limachokera ku matenda omwe amachititsa kusowa kwake, otchedwa nthenda. Kuphatikizika kwa coenzyme iyi ndiokwera mtengo komanso kovuta, chifukwa chake kuyidya ndikofunikira kudzera pazakudya.
Vitamini B₁ (thiamine). Molekyulu sungunuka m'madzi komanso sungasungunuke mowa, wofunikira pakudya pafupifupi onse zinyama ndi zina zambiri tizilombo, chifukwa kagayidwe kake ka chakudya. Kuperewera kwake m'thupi la munthu kumabweretsa matenda a beriberi ndi matenda a Korsakoff.
Zamgululi. Chofunikira kwambiri pakusamutsa kaboni dayokisaidi, imachitika mwachilengedwe m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufufuza kwasayansi ngati tincture yamaselo amitsempha.
Vitamini B₂ (chinthaka). Mtundu wachikasu ndiwofunikira pakudya kwa nyama, chifukwa amafunidwa ndi ma flavoprotein onse ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, za lipids, chakudya, mapuloteni ndi amino acid. Itha kupezeka mwachilengedwe kuchokera ku mkaka, mpunga, kapena masamba obiriwira.
Vitamini B₆ (pyridoxine). Coenzyme wosungunuka m'madzi amachotsedwa mumkodzo, chifukwa chake amayenera kusinthidwa m'malo mwa zakudya: nyongolosi ya tirigu, chimanga, mazira, nsomba ndi nyemba, pakati pa zakudya zina. Zimakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kake ka ma neurotransmitters ndipo ili ndi gawo lalikulu mu gawo lamagetsi.
Lipoic asidi. Amachokera ku octanoic fatty acid, imakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito shuga komanso kuyambitsa ma antioxidants ambiri. Ndiwachomera.
Vitamini H (biotin). Amatchedwanso Vitamini B₇ kapena B₈, Ndiofunikira pakutha kwa mafuta ndi ma amino acid, ndikupangidwa ndi ambiri mabakiteriya m'mimba
Coenzyme B. Ndikofunikira pakuwunika kwa redox komwe kumakhalako pakapangidwe ka methane ndi moyo wama microbial.
Cytidine triphosphate. Chofunika kwambiri m'thupi la zinthu zamoyo, ndi molekyulu yamphamvu kwambiri, yofanana ndi ATP. Ndikofunikira pakuphatikiza kwa DNA ndi RNA.
Shuga wa nyukiliya. Opereka shuga monosacchotsera, Ndizofunikira pamalamulo a ma nucleic acid monga DNA kapena RNA, kudzera munjira zosanjikiza.