Ma Novel

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya mabuku 
• Zitsanzo zamabuku

Pulogalamu ya buku lakale Ndi ntchito yolemba komanso yofotokoza zochitika zomwe mwina sizingakhale zongopeka. Mwachitsanzo: Zaka 100 za Kukhala wekha (Gabriel Garcia Marquez), Upandu ndi Chilango (Fyodor Dostoyevsky), Don Quijote waku La Mancha (Miguel de Cervantes).

Mosiyana ndi nkhani, zomwe ndizonso za mtundu wankhani, ma buku ndiwotalika ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zilembo, zoikamo, ndi zochitika zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwembu chake ndi chovuta kwambiri ndipo wolemba amapatula malo ambiri kuti afotokozeredwe komanso tsatanetsatane wazokongoletsa.

Monga nkhani iliyonse, bukuli limapangidwa m'magulu atatu:

1. Chiyambi. Ndiko kuyamba kwa nkhaniyi, momwe otchulidwa ndi zolinga zawo amaperekedwera, kuwonjezera pa "chizolowezi" cha nkhaniyi, chomwe chidzasinthidwe pa mfundo.
2. Dziwani. Mikangano yomwe imasokoneza chikhalidwe imaperekedwa ndipo zochitika zofunika kwambiri zimachitika.
3. Zotsatira. Chimake chimapangidwa ndipo mkangano watha.

• Onaninso: Zolemba

Mitundu ya mabuku 

Malinga ndi zomwe zili, mitundu yotsatira ya mabuku imatha kudziwika:

• Za zopeka za Sayansi. Amanenanso zakukhudzidwa komwe ukadaulo wina wamakono kapena kupita patsogolo kwasayansi kungakhale nako padziko lapansi.
• Za zopatsa chidwi. Amasimba zaulendo kapena ulendo womwe protagonist adachita kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa momwe ulendowu umasinthira mawonekedwe, omwe sadzakhalanso ofanana ndi pomwe adachoka.
• Apolisi. Chiwembucho chimangokhudza kuthana ndi mlandu komanso kufotokozera chifukwa chake. Omwe akuwatsata nthawi zambiri amakhala apolisi, ofufuza pawokha, maloya kapena ofufuza.
• Zachikondi Kulakalaka kukondana komanso maubale achikondi ndiye gawo lolongosola zamtunduwu. Zomwe zimatchedwanso ma rose rose, m'malemba amenewa chikondi chimapambana nthawi zonse pokumana ndi zovuta.
• Zowopsa. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupangitsa owerenga kukhala ndi mantha komanso kusakhazikika. Pachifukwa ichi, wolemba amagwiritsa ntchito kupumula kwamlengalenga, kuwonjezera pakupezekapo kwazinthu zachilengedwe komanso zowopsa.
• Zosangalatsa. Amalongosola dziko lomwe lingakhalepo lopangidwa kuchokera m'malingaliro. Dzikoli lili ndi malamulo, mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuposa zenizeni.
• Zowona. Mosiyana ndi zongopeka, amafotokoza nkhani zomwe zimachitika mowonadi, chifukwa chake ndizokhulupilika. Zambiri zimafotokozedwa, zochitika zimafotokozedwa motsatira nthawi, ndipo nthawi zina nkhaniyi imaphunzitsanso zamakhalidwe kapena chikhalidwe.

Zitsanzo zamabuku

ZOPEKA ZASAYANSI

1. 1984. Bukuli lidalembedwa ndi a George Orwell aku Britain m'ma 1940. Ndi dystopia momwe Winston Smith, yemwe amapandukira boma lopondereza lomwe limayang'anira ndikulanga nzika zake ngakhale chifukwa cha malingaliro awo.
2. Dziko losangalala. Yolembedwa ndi Briteni Aldous Huxley, dystopia iyi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1932. Ikuyimira kupambana kwa kugula ndi kutonthoza, komanso kusiya mfundo zofunika zaumunthu. Sosaite imadzibweretsanso mu vitro, ngati kuti ndi mzere wa msonkhano.

ZA MALANGIZO

1. Padziko Lonse Lapansi Masiku 80. Bukuli lolembedwa ndi French Jules Verne limafotokoza ulendo womwe njonda yaku Britain a Phileas Fogg adachita ndi woperekera chikho ku France "Passepartout", atabetcherana momwe amaika pachiwopsezo cha chuma chake, otsimikiza kuti azungulira dziko lapansi m'masiku 80. Uthengawu udasindikizidwa pang'onopang'ono mu Inu Tems, pakati pa Novembala ndi Disembala 1872.
2. Chilumba cha chuma. Mnyamata Jim Hawkins amagwira ntchito ndi makolo ake kunyumba yogona alendo. Tsiku lina bambo wachikulire wokhumudwa komanso chidakwa amafika yemwe, atamwalira, amasiya mapu kuti apeze chuma, chomwe chidayikidwa ndi pirate Flint pachilumba chotentha. Mnyamatayo akukwera sitima kuti akafike pachilumbachi, koma ayenera kukhala ndi gulu la achifwamba, lotsogozedwa ndi a John Silver, omwe nawonso akufuna kulanda. Wolembedwa ndi Scotsman Robert Louis Stevenson, bukuli lidasindikizidwa pakati pa 1881 ndi 1882 m'magaziniyi Achinyamata.

• Onaninso: Epic

Apolisi

1. Falcon Yachimalta. Wolemba Dashiell Hammett, uthengawu udasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1930. Chiwembucho chikuchitika ku San Francisco, komwe wofufuza milandu payekha Sam Spade ayenera kuthana ndi mlandu pempho la kasitomala wokhudzidwa.
2. Kazitape yemwe anatuluka kuzizira. Lofalitsidwa mu 1963, buku ili lolembedwa ndi John le Carré lili ngati kazitape wake waku Britain kazitape Alec Leamas, yemwe, munthawi ya Cold War, akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi mutu wa anzeru aku East Germany.

ZOKHUDZA

1. Kudzitukumula ndi kusankhana. Idalembedwa ndi a Jane Jane Austen ku 1813. Chiwembucho chidakhazikitsidwa ku London kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndipo banja la a Bennet ndiye mlendo wake wamkulu. Amuna awo atamwalira, Akazi a Bennet amawona muukwati njira yokhayo yothetsera ana awo aakazi asanu omwe, pokhala akazi, sadzalandira chuma chilichonse.
2. Monga madzi a Chokoleti. Lofalitsidwa mu 1989, buku ili lomwe limalimbikitsa kukhulupirira zamatsenga lidalembedwa ndi Mexico Laura Esquivel. Nkhaniyi imakhudza kwambiri moyo wa Tita, zokonda zake, komanso moyo wabanja lake. Zakudya ndi maphikidwe aku Mexico zilipo m'mbiri yonse, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa nthawi ya Revolution ya Mexico.

NKHOPA

1. Horla. Bukuli, lolembedwa ngati diary, limafotokoza zamantha zomwe protagonist wake amakhala nazo akamva kupezeka kwa munthu wosaoneka usiku uliwonse. French Guy de Maupassant ndiye mlembi wa ntchitoyi yomwe mitundu yake itatu imadziwika, yofalitsidwa m'ma 1880.
2. Katunduyo. Lofalitsidwa mu 1986, ntchitoyi yolembedwa ndi American Stephen King imalongosola nkhani ya gulu la ana asanu ndi awiri omwe amawopsedwa ndi kupezeka kwa chilombo chomwe chimasintha mawonekedwe ndi chomwe chimadyetsa mantha omwe amabweretsa mwa omwe adachitidwa.

ZOSANGALALA

1. Mbuye wa mphetezo. Yolembedwa ndi J.R.R. Tolkien, nkhaniyi imachitika m'malo ongoganiza, mu Middle Age's Third Age of the Sun. Anthu, elves ndi hobbits amakhala mmenemo, pakati pa zolengedwa zina zenizeni komanso zosangalatsa. Bukuli limafotokoza zaulendo womwe Frodo Baggins adachita kuti awononge "mphete imodzi", yomwe ingayambitse nkhondo yolimbana ndi mdani wake.
2. harry potter ndi mwala wafilosofi. Lofalitsidwa mu 1997, ndi buku loyamba pamndandanda wa mabuku asanu ndi awiri olembedwa ndi wolemba waku Britain J. K. Rowling. Imafotokoza nkhani ya Harry, mwana yemwe wakula ndi amalume ake ndi abale ake atamwalira makolo ake. Pa tsiku lokumbukira kubadwa kwake kwa khumi ndi chimodzi, amalandila makalata angapo omwe asintha moyo wake. Harry akuyamba kupanga gawo lamatsenga, atalowa sukulu ya Hogwarts. Kumeneko adzapanga abwenzi omwe angamuthandize kuyang'anizana ndi wamatsenga yemwe adapha makolo ake.

ZOONA

1. Madame bovary. Idalembedwa ndi wolemba wachifalansa Gustave Flaubert ndipo idasindikizidwa motsatizana mzaka za m'ma 1850. Ikufotokoza za moyo wa Emma Bovary, yemwe akwatiwa ndi dokotala kuti achoke mdziko lomwe amakhala. Maloto ake amatha kuwombana ndi chowonadi chosiyana ndi chomwe adalota ndikukwaniritsa.
2. Anna Karenina. Yolembedwa ndi Russian Leo Tolstoy, bukuli lidasindikizidwa mzaka za m'ma 1870 ndipo lidayikidwa mchaka cha 19th Saint Petersburg. Imafotokoza nkhani ya mkazi (Anna Karenina) wokwatiwa ndi mtumiki wachifumu waku Russia, yemwe amachita chibwenzi ndi Count Vronsky, zomwe zidadzetsa chisokonezo pagulu.

• Pitirizani ndi: Nkhani