Alkenes

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za ma alkenes

Pulogalamu ya alangali Ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi kaboni kaboni kaboni kawiri, amayankha momwe maselo amapangidwira C._nH_2n; Ma alkenes amadzimadzi amatchedwanso olefin ndipo amafanana ndi haidrokaboni gulu aliphatics osakwaniritsidwa, ofunikira pakupanga mafuta.

Pali unyolo waufupi, wapakatikati kapena wautali; Palinso ma cyclic alkenes kapena ma cycloalkenes ndipo palinso ma alkenes mkati mwa mankhwala organic.

Pulogalamu yazithunzi, kukhala ndi kaboni kaboni kaboni kawiri, ali ndi ma hydrogen ochepa kuposa alkane ndi maatomu ofanana a kaboni. Udindo wa mgwirizano wapawiri ukuwonetsedwa poyika chisanafike chokwanira "-eno"Chiyambi cha Chilatini chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni komwe kulumikizana kawiri kumayambira (tetra, penta, octa, etc.); olowa m'malo (nthawi zambiri klorini, bromine, ethyl, methyl, ndi zina zambiri) amatchulidwa ngati ma prefix (koyambirira kwa dzinalo), mwatsatanetsatane komanso moyenera.

Chidziwitso: Popeza kuchuluka kwa dzina la mankhwala lomwe limakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi njira ya IUPAC, ma alkenes ambiri achilengedwe amakhala ndi mayina apamwamba, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi chilengedwe chawo.

Pulogalamu ya alangali mpaka ma carboni anayi ali mpweya kutentha, omwe ali ndi ma carboni 4 mpaka 18 ali zamadzimadzi ndipo atali kwambiri ali olimba. Amasungunuka m'madzi osungunulira zinthu monga ether kapena mowa, ndipo ndi olimba pang'ono kuposa ma alkanes ofanana, ngakhale ali ndi malo osungunuka ochepa komanso otentha. Chifukwa cha kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa ndi mgwirizano wapawiri, mtunda pakati pa maatomu a kaboni ndi ma 1.34 angstroms mu alkene, ndi ma 1.50 angstroms mu alkane yolingana.

Amapereka fayilo ya kukonzanso kwakukulu kuposa ma alkanes, chifukwa chakuti ili ndi maubwenzi awiriwo, omwe amatha kuswa ndikuloleza kuwonjezera kwa maatomu ena, Nthawi zambiri hydrogen kapena halogen. Angathenso kukumana nazo makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndipo polymerization. Alkenes nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi cis-trans isomerism kapena stereoisomerism, popeza maatomu a kaboni olumikizidwa ndi mgwirizano wapawiri sangathe kuzungulira ndipo izi zimapanga ndege zosiyanasiyana. Alkenes okhala ndi maunyolo awiriawiri amatchedwa dienes, ndipo omwe ali ndi maubwenzi opitilira awiri amatchedwa polyenes.

Pa dzala ma alkenes ndi ochulukirapo ndipo ali ndi gawo lalikulu lakuthupi, monga kuwongolera kucha kwa zipatso kapena kusefera kwa ma radiation ena a dzuwa. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a organic alkenes nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta ndipo kumaphatikiza maunyolo a kaboni ndi mphete. Zipatso zina monga kaloti kapena tomato, ndi nyama zina monga nkhanu, zimatulutsa beta carotene, alkene wofunikira yemwe amatsogolera vitamini A.

Zitsanzo za ma alkenes

Itha kukutumikirani:

• Zitsanzo za Alkanes
• Zitsanzo za ma Hydrocarbon
• Zitsanzo za Alkynes