Zamkati
Gulu lofala kwambiri limasiyanitsa machitidwe otseguka ya machitidwe otsekedwandiye kuti, omwe ali ndi ubale wolimba ndi akunja kwa omwe amadziwika ndikugwira ntchito mosasamala chilengedwe chomwe chawazungulira
Pulogalamu ya machitidwe otsekedwa Ndiwo omwe ali ndi machitidwe odziyimira pawokha, ndipo alibe kulumikizana ndi othandizira ena akuthupi omwe ali kunja kwake. Palibe ubale woyambitsa kapena kulumikizana ndi china chilichonse chakunja, chifukwa chake atha kupulumuka pamachitidwe awo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya machitidwe otsekedwa, kutengera kuti kusasinthana kwakunja ndi kwathunthu (zomwe zimachitika pamakina olekanitsidwa) kapena ngati palibe kusinthana kwa nkhani, koma pali kusinthana kwa mphamvu (zomwe zimachitika m'malo owuma otseka).
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Zitsanzo za Njira Zotseguka ndi Zotseka
- Zitsanzo za Njira Zotseguka, Zotseka ndi Zakutali
Zitsanzo za Njira Zotseka
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa otsekedwa pamakina omwe ali ndi khama lokhazikika komanso lokonzekera, ndikuti ali ndi kusinthana kocheperako kwamphamvu ndi zinthu ndi chilengedwe: ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti sizimalowererapo ndikukula kwadongosolo.
Chotsatira, njira yazitsanzo zina zamakina omwe atha kugwira ntchito ngati zotseka:
- Wotchi yopumira, yomwe kuti igwire ntchito yake imafunikira kuti pasakhale kusinthidwa ndi kutentha kapena chilengedwe chakunja.
- Ndege, ngakhale kuti imatulutsa mpweya wina kunja, imafunika kuti nthawi zina izitsekedwa bwino kuti moyo ndi kupuma zitheke kutalika kwake.
- Makina opanga zida za nyukiliya.
- Buluni lokhala ndi mpweya.
- Batire yamagalimoto.
- Thermos yopangidwa mwangwiro kotero kuti kutentha sikungasinthe pang'ono.
- Dziko lapansi (amasinthana mphamvu koma alibe kanthu)
- Chilengedwe chonse, chimamveka kwathunthu.
- TV.
- Wophika wophika yemwe samalola mpweya kutuluka.
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Zitsanzo za Open Systems
- Zitsanzo za Njira Zotseguka, Zotseka ndi Zotseka
Makhalidwe
Chizindikiro chomwe chimadziwika ndi machitidwe otsekedwa ndikuti tanthauzo lenileni la kusayanjana ndi akunja limafunikira izi ma equation onse omwe amafotokoza mayendedwe amkati mwa makina oterewa amangodalira zosintha ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'dongosolo.
Kusankhidwa kwa chiyambi cha nthawi kumangokhala kopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa chake kufananiza kwakusintha kwakanthawi sikungafanane ndi kumasulira kwakanthawi: izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu ndiyosungidwa, yomwe ikugwirizananso ndi tanthauzo la machitidwewa.
Ngati makina atsekedwa, ndiye kuti kusintha kwamphamvu kwakanthawi kwamkati m'dongosolo kumachitika chifukwa chakutentha ndi ntchito yomwe yachitika.
Komabe, ndicholondola kunena kuti ngati dongosololi likuwonjezera mphamvu yake mu njira yamagetsi, chilengedwe chonse chimataya mphamvu zofananira. Lamulo loyamba la thermodynamics, la machitidwe otsekedwa, lalembedwa ngati =U = ΔQ - ΔW.
