Kapangidwe ka zinthu ziwiri zosiyana mmenemo amatchedwa yankho, ngakhale atakhala magawo awiri amtundu umodzi kapena ziwiri zosiyana. Ndikofunikira kuti zolembedwazo zikhale zosakanikirana, ndiye kuti, zimapanga njira yomwe chinthu chomwe chimapezeka chocheperako (chotchedwa solute) ajowina ina yomwe imawoneka yochulukirapo (yotchedwa zosungunulira) amakonda kusintha zina mwa mawonekedwe ake. Gawo la solute mu zosungunulira ndiye chomwe chimatchedwa ndende, ndipo kawirikawiri yankho lomwelo limatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Magulu osiyanasiyana ophatikizira amathandizira kupanga mayankho munjira iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, zothetsera vutoli zimatha kuzindikirika muzambiri (zoyatsira madzi kapena zotsutsana, pakati pa mpweya kapena zamadzimadzi). Chomwe chimachitika pafupipafupi, mosakaika konse, ndicho kusungunuka pakati pazinthu zolimba, zomwe chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ndizovuta kwambiri kuti athe kusungunuka monga amafotokozedwera. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti amasowa ndipo ndizodziwika kuti amapezeka pakati pazitsulo.
Sizachilendo kupezeka kwa mamolekyu amadzimadzi mkati mwa zosungunulira kumasintha zomwe zimatha kusungunuka zokha. Mwachitsanzo, malo osungunuka ndi malo otentha amasintha, ndikuwonjezera kachulukidwe kake ndi machitidwe amakankhwala, komanso mtundu wake. Pali kulumikizana kwa masamu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a solute ndi omwe amasungunuka komanso kusiyanasiyana kwamalo osungunuka ndi otentha, opezeka ndi katswiri wazamankhwala waku France Roult.
Zachidziwikire, anthu amalumikizana ndi mayankho mpaka kalekale, mosakayikira kuyika mndandandawu mpweya, komwe ndiko kusungunuka kwa zinthu za gaseous state: mawonekedwe ake ambiri amaperekedwa ndi nayitrogeni (78%) ndipo enawo amakhala ndi 21% ya mpweya ndi 1% yazinthu zina, ngakhale kuchuluka kumeneku kumatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono. Komabe, mpweya ndi wa gulu la mayankho osakanikirana chifukwa kuphatikiza kwa zinthu sikungapangitse kulumikizana pamodzi koma kungokhala mpweya womwe ulipo, kutulutsa chinthu chomwe moyo waumunthu ndi nyama zopuma sizingatheke.
Mndandanda wotsatirawu uphatikiza zitsanzo makumi anayi zothetsera, ndikuwunikira momwe gulu limasakanikirana, chosungunulira chimodzi.
- Mpweya (mpweya wa gasi): Kapangidwe ka mpweya, pomwe nayitrogeni umakhala wochuluka kwambiri.
- Pumice (mpweya wolimba): Mpweya wamafuta olimba (womwe ndi madzi omwe adadutsa molimba) umatulutsa mwalawo, ndimikhalidwe yake yofanana.
- Batala (madzi olimba).
- Utsi (olimba mu mpweya): Mpweya umasinthidwa ndikuwoneka kwa utsi wochokera pamoto, mumayankho ati pomwe mpweya umakhala wosungunulira.
- Zitsulo zina pakati pa zitsulo (olimba mpaka olimba)
- Opopera mankhwala (madzi mumafuta)
- Zonona nkhope (madzi mumadzi)
- Mpweya wamlengalenga (olimba ndi mpweya): Kupezeka kwa zolimba (zowola pafupifupi chinthu chosagawanika koma chomaliza) mu gasi ndi chitsanzo cha kusungunuka motere.
- Zitsulo (olimba olimba): Aloyi pakati pa chitsulo ndi kaboni, wokhala ndi gawo lokwanira kwambiri kale.
- Zakumwa zama kaboni(mpweya wamadzimadzi): Zakumwa zopangidwa ndi kaboni, pafupifupi mwakutanthauzira kwawo, kusungunuka kwa mpweya mkati mwa madzi.
- Amalgam (madzi olimba)
- Mafuta (madzi amadzimadzi): Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga (ambiri ndi kaboni) kumabweretsa kusungunuka pakati pa zakumwa.
- Butane m'malere (gasi wamagesi): Butane ndichinthu chomwe chimalola kuti mpweya uzikhala m'machubu, wokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta.
- Mpweya m'madzi a m'nyanja (mpweya wamadzi)
- Kumwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa (madzi mumadzi)
- Khofi ndi mkaka (madzi amadzimadzi): Madzi okhala ndi zochulukirapo amalandila china, chomwe chimayimira kusintha kwa utoto wake ndi kununkhira kwake.
- Utsi (mpweya mu mpweya): Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpweya womwe suli wachindunji mumlengalenga kumapangitsa kusintha kwa mpweya, komwe kumakhudza magulu omwe amawupuma: kukachulukirachulukira, kumavulaza kwambiri.
- Kumeta thovu (gasi wamadzimadzi): Gasi wothinikizidwa mu chidebe amasakanikirana ndi zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala ndi thovu, kuti apeze chisakanizo chakuda chomwe ntchito yake ndikukonzekera khungu kuti limete.
- Mchere m'madzi (olimba m'madzi)
- Magazi (zakumwa zamadzimadzi): Chofunika kwambiri ndi plasma (madzi), ndipo mkati mwake mumapezeka zinthu zina, zomwe maselo ofiira amaonekera.
- Amoniya m'madzi (madzi amadzimadzi): Njirayi (yomwe ingathenso kupangidwa kuchokera ku mpweya kupita ku madzi) imagwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zoyeretsera.
- Mpweya wokhala ndi chinyezi (madzi mumafuta)
- Chitsulo cha Bubble (mpweya wolimba)
- Madzi a ufa .
- Zosamveka bwino (olimba mpweya)
- Hydrogeni mu palladium (mpweya wolimba)
- Mavairasi Ouluka (olimba ndi mpweya): Monga fumbi lamlengalenga, awa ndi mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono olimba omwe amanyamulidwa ndi mpweya.
- Mercury mu siliva (madzi olimba)
- Chifunga (madzi ampweya): Ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa madontho ang'onoang'ono amadzi mlengalenga, atakumana ndi mpweya wozizira.
- Mothballs mlengalenga (olimba mpweya)
- Tiyi (Olimba m'madzi): Olimba pang'ono pang'ono (ma granite a emvulopu) amasungunuka pamadzi.
- Madzi achifumu (madzi amadzimadzi): Kupanga kwa ma asidi omwe amalola kutha zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza golide.
- Mkuwa (olimba olimba): Aloyi pakati pamkuwa ndi malata.
- Chakumwa chamandimu (madzi amadzimadzi): Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri chisakanizocho chimakhala cholimba ndi chamadzimadzi, chimakhala chamadzi cholimba, monga madzi a mandimu.
- Peroxide (mpweya wamadzi)
- Mkuwa (olimba olimba): Ndi aloyi pakati pamkuwa wolimba ndi zinc.
- Hydrogeni mu platinamu (Olimba mpweya)
- Kuzizira kwa ayezi (olimba m'madzi): Ice limalowa m'madziwo ndikuziziritsa, pomwe limasungunuka. Ngati imayambitsidwa m'madzi, ndiye kuti imakhala chinthu chomwecho.
- Yankho lakuthupi (zamadzimadzi mumadzi): Madzi amachita zosungunulira ndipo zinthu zambiri zamadzimadzi zimakhala ngati solute.
- Zosalala (zolimba mu zamadzimadzi): Kudzera pakuphwanya, kuphatikiza zolimba zakumwa kumayambitsidwa. Komabe, kuphatikiza komwe kumapangitsa kusungunuka kwakanthawi kokwanira komwe sikokwanira kupereka kukoma komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakumwa madzi.
