Zamoyo

Zamkati

• Nthambi za biochemistry
• Zitsanzo za biochemistry

Pulogalamu ya sayansi yamagetsi Ndi nthambi ya umagwirira yomwe imadzipereka kuti iphunzire zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimapangidwa. Ndi sayansi yoyesera.

Mitu yake yayikulu ndi iyi mapuloteni, chakudya, lipids, ma nucleic acid ndi mamolekyulu osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga ma cell, komanso momwe amakhudzidwira ndimankhwala. Amachita nawo zamankhwala, pharmacology ndi agrochemistry, mwazinthu zina.

Biochemistry imafufuza momwe zamoyo zimapezera mphamvu (catabolism) ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kupanga mamolekyulu atsopano (anabolism). Zina mwazinthu zomwe amaphunzira ndi chimbudzi, photosynthesis, zopinga mankhwala achilengedwe, kubereka, kukula, ndi zina zambiri.

Nthambi za biochemistry

• Zachilengedwe zamagetsi: Amasanthula kapangidwe kake ka ma macromolecule achilengedwe, monga mapuloteni ndi zidulo za nucleic (DNA ndi RNA).
• Zamoyo zamagetsiPhunzirani za mankhwala omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wolimba carbon-carbon kapena carbon-hydrogen, yotchedwa mankhwala organic. Zinthu zimenezi zimangopezeka mwa zinthu zamoyo zokha.
• Zolemba: Ma enzyme ali othandizira zamoyo zomwe zimalola kuti thupi lichite zimachitikira mankhwala monga kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni. Sayansi iyi imasanthula machitidwe awo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi coenzymes ndi zinthu zina monga zitsulo ndi mavitamini.
• Zamoyo zamagetsi: Phunzirani njira zamagetsi (kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu) pama cell.
• Xenobiochemistry: Yogwirizana ndi zamankhwala, imafufuza za kagayidwe kazinthu ka zinthu zomwe sizimapezeka m'matenda a thupi.
• Chitetezo chamthupiPhunzirani momwe zamoyo zimayendera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• EndocrinologyPhunzirani za mahomoni m'zinthu zamoyo. Mahomoni ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kutulutsidwa ndi thupi kapena kupezedwa kuchokera kunja, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito am'magulu osiyanasiyana.
• Sayansi yamagetsiPhunzirani momwe mankhwala am'magazi amathandizira.
• Chemotaxonomy: Phunzirani ndi kugawa zamoyo mogwirizana ndi kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala.
• ZachilengedwePhunzirani za zinthu zamagulu zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zamoyo kuti zizilumikizana.
• Virology: Amasanthula makamaka ma virus, magulu ake, magwiridwe ake, mamolekyulu ndi kusintha kwake. Amalumikizidwa ndi mankhwala.
• Chibadwa: Phunzirani za majini, momwe amafotokozera, momwe amapatsira komanso kubereka kwake.
• Biology ya maselo: Phunzirani njira zamagetsi makamaka kuchokera pamawonekedwe amolekyulu.
• Cell biology (cytology): Phunzirani za umagwirira, kafukufuku wamakhalidwe ndi thupi la mitundu iwiri yamaselo: ma prokaryotes ndi ma eukaryote.

Zitsanzo za biochemistry

1. Kukula kwa feteleza: feteleza ndi zinthu zomwe zimakulitsa kukula kwa minda. Kuti apange iwo ndikofunikira kudziwa zofunikira zamankhwala pazomera.
2. Enzymatic detergents: awa ndi oyeretsa omwe amatha kuchotsa zotsalira za necrotic, osapanga zowononga pazinthu zachilengedwe.
3. Mankhwala: kupanga mankhwala kumadalira kudziwa kwa momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi omwe amawukhudza.
4. Zodzoladzola: Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzoladzola amayenera kukhala othandizira makina amthupi.
5. Chakudya choyenera cha ziweto: chakudya chimapangidwa kuchokera kuzidziwitso zakusowa kwanyama ndi zakudya za nyama.
6. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi: chilichonse chomwe cholinga chathu ndikudya (kunenepa kapena kuonda, kutsitsa shuga m'magazi, kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi, ndi zina zambiri) kapangidwe kake kuyenera kuganizira zosowa zamthupi lathu kuti zigwire ntchito.
7. Makoma am'mimba ali okonzeka kulimbana ndi zidulo zam'mimba zomwe zitha kuvulaza kwambiri zikakhudzana ndi ziwalo za thupi lathu kunja kwa dongosolo lakumbuyo.
8. Tikakhala ndi malungo, thupi lathu limayesetsa kutentha kuti tizilombo tomwe tingativulaze sitingakhale ndi moyo.
9. Thupi lathu likalephera kudziteteza ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, maantibayotiki Ndiwo mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kubereka kwawo ndikuwathetsa.
10. Zakudya zowonjezera zimatilola kumeza zinthu zopanda thupi zomwe matupi athu amafunikira kuti zizigwira ntchito moyenera.