Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya ziwalo imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi ubale winawake, ubale womwe umakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zamoyo ziwiri, momwe wina amakhala mopwetekera mnzake. Omwe adafunikira kutengera ubale wa parasitism ndi omwe amalowa m'malo mwa anthu ena (tiziromboti) ndi omwe amapereka njira zothandizira majeremusi (otchedwa Mlendo).
Ubalewo ukhoza kuchitika m'njira zambiri, ndipo wobwera akhoza kuwona zocheperako kapena zochepa kuvulazidwa ndi tiziromboti zomwe zimapindulitsa poyankha. Ndi Makhalidwe a ubale wa parasitism ndikuti mawuwa nthawi zambiri amawamasulira ndikupititsa kuzinthu zina, kuphatikiza machitidwe amunthu omwe anthu ena amapezera mwayi kwa ena.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Mabakiteriya
Pulogalamu ya tiziromboti, nthawi zina zimakhala mwa eni ake. Chofunika kwambiri pa izi mtundu wa parasitism ndikuti wolandirayo ali ndi ma antibodies ena, omwe amafanana ndi tiziromboti, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri.
Mbali inayi atha kukhala ectoparasites zomwe sizingakhale mkati mwazinthu zina, momwe zimakhalira nthawi yayitali ndimazira atayikidwa chisa chomwe si chawo. Tizilombo tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga nthawi zambiri timapanga zida zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya tiziromboti, monga zimachitikira ndi mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa poizoni wofunafuna bowa.
Kumbali inayi, zimakhalanso zachizolowezi pa fayilo ya ndondomeko ya kusintha momwe zamoyo ziwirizi zimasinthira kuti zikwaniritse cholinga chawo: omwe akuyang'anira amayesetsa kupewa kukhala omwe akuwonongedwa ndi tizilomboto, pomwe tizilomboto timasinthiratu kuti tizitha kupatsira omwe akukhala nawo.
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Zitsanzo za Symbiosis
- Zitsanzo za Maunyolo A Chakudya
- Zitsanzo za Mgwirizano
- Zitsanzo Zosintha Zinthu Zamoyo
Nthawi zambiri pamene othandizira amakhala tiziromboti, pang'onopang'ono amataya thupi kapena kagayidwe kake. Kutulutsa mamolekyulu kuchokera kwa omwe akukhala nawo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosafunikira kuti zizipanga zawo, monga zimachitika ndi ma virus omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala parasitism. Zimakhala zachizolowezi kuti parasitism sichiwoneka ndi maso, koma kuyambira pomwe wolandirayo amavulazidwa ndi tiziromboti, nthawi zambiri kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena matenda.
Zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi zimatchedwa hyperparasitism. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika tizilomboti tikakhala ndi tiziromboti tina: maunyolo omwe amapangidwa munthawi imeneyi ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kulimbana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zitsanzo za parasitism
Milandu yotsatirayi ndi parasitism, malinga ndi tanthauzo lomwe lawonedwa:
- Nthata: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala pakhungu la nyama, timayambitsa mavairasi ndikubisala muubweya.
- Chiswe: Tizilombo tomwe timawononga mitengo, tikuwawonongeratu.
- Saculina: Kuchokera kubanja lodyera. Akapeza nkhanu, amabaya gawo lofewa la thupi lake pamenepo, kuti likhale losabala.
- Leeches: Amadyetsa magazi a nyama zina.
- Nyongolotsi: Zofala pakati pa nyama ndi anthu, zimadyetsa pochotsa michere ndikuukira ena ziwalo.
- Nkhupakupa: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timapezeka kunja komwe timadya magazi a anthu omwe akukhala nawo, kufalitsa matenda monga typhus.
- Mavu a Emerald: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timaboola mphemvu ndi mbola yake. Imabaya mazira, ndipo mphutsi zikaswa zimadya timagulu tosafunika tambala.
- Amoebas: Tiziromboti m'matumbo mwa nyama ndi anthu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi matenda.
- Nyongolotsi ya ku Guinea: Imakhala ndi utitiri tating'onoting'ono m'madzi amtsinje. Kumwa madzi amtunduwu kumapangitsa mphutsi kulowa m'thupi, zomwe zimapanga zotupa pakhungu ndikupanga zotentha.
- Mavairasi: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timagwira pa zomera ndi nyama, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri.
- Helminth: Mitundu yanyama yayitali yomwe imafalitsa zamoyo zamtundu wina.
- Kutulutsa: Zinyama zosavuta kupangidwa ndi a selo, ambiri ndi tiziromboti ta zomera ndi zinyama. Amapanga matenda monga Chagas kapena trichomoniasis.
- Rhodophytes: Ndere zofiira, nthawi zambiri tiziromboti ta ma rhinophytes ena. Imalowetsa khungu lake m'maselo ake, ndikupanga maselo ogonana amtundu wamatenda.
- Nthata: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pakhungu la munthu, timadya timadzi tating'onoting'ono.
- Sack of green bands: Imakula mkati mwa nkhono, yomwe imabwereranso kumakhalidwe ake olimba mtima kufunafuna malo omwe angawoneke onse. Tiziromboti timakhala m'madya omwe amadya nkhono, kubereka komanso kumasula mazira m'zimbudzi zawo, makamaka mbalame.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Olanda ndi Zowononga (Ndi Zithunzi)
