Maiko osatukuka

Zamkati

• Makhalidwe azachuma
• Makhalidwe azikhalidwe
• "Njira Zachitukuko"
• Chiyambi cha chitukuko chochepa

Pulogalamu ya chitukuko chochepa Ndi lingaliro lomwe lidapangidwa kuti liganizire zakusiyana kwakukulu komwe kulipo pakati pa mayiko molingana ndi momwe akutukukira mu mphamvu, koma zokhudzana ndi kuthekera kopeza ntchito zina ndi anthu ambiri mdzikolo.

Nthawi zina mayiko ambiri osatukuka amayitanidwa 'pakukula'.

Makhalidwe azachuma

Pulogalamu ya zochitika zachuma za mayiko omwe alibe chitukukoNthawi zambiri zimangolengedwa pakupanga zinthu zoyambirira, ndiye kuti, zokhudzana ndi ulimi.

Pomaliza, pali mafakitale ena olimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro aboma, kapena mizinda yomwe gawo lazantchito ndilolimba koma mosakayikira chinthu chofunikira ndikupanga zopangira: kwenikweni, msika wapadziko lonse lapansi udzafuna zinthu zamtunduwu kuchokera kudziko lomwe silikukula bwino.

Zokolola pantchito ndizotsika, ngakhale mgawo loyambirira, poyerekeza ndi mayiko otsogola.

Makhalidwe azikhalidwe

Mu fayilo ya mayiko omwe alibe chitukuko ndalama za munthu aliyense zimakhala zocheperako, komanso palinso kuwonongeka kwamphamvu pamawonekedwe azikhalidwe monga chakudya, chiyembekezo cha moyo komanso kufa kwa makanda.

Maphunziro ndi otsika, ndipo poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka kuchuluka kwa osaphunzira ndikokwera kwambiri.

Kufikira chithandizo chamankhwala kumakhalanso kotsika kwambiri, ndipo zoyendetsa mdziko muno zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa mayiko akutsogola: monga tingawonere, zikhalidwe zambiri zimangokhalira kukulitsa kusiyana.

"Njira Zachitukuko"

Chipembedzo 'pa chitukuko'Zimayankha poganizira njira yosavomerezeka yamayiko amodzimodzi momwe angaganizire (pang'ono ndi pang'ono mayikowa anali odziyimira pawokha, kupeza demokalase ndikutsimikizira ufulu wa anthu).

Komabe, ndizovuta kulingalira momwe mayiko omwe akutukuka amatukuka ndikupeza omwe akutukuka kumene.

Chiyambi cha chitukuko chochepa

Pulogalamu ya chiphunzitso chodalira Idapangidwa kumapeto kwa theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20 ndipo akuwonetsa kuti kusiyana kuli pakati pa malo ozungulira, pomwe wakale ali ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri wopanga zinthu zokhala ndi phindu lochulukirapo, kumangofuna zopangira zomwe zimapangidwa m'maiko osatukuka (zotumphukira) zomwe zimawonjezera phindu locheperako.

Ngati dziko losatukuka likufuna kupita pagulu la otukuka, liyenera kupanga kusintha kwachuma komwe sikungatheke, ndipo kumangotsala ndi kupeza ngongole ndikudutsa munthawi yayitali yamavuto.

Chifukwa chake, si njira yachitukuko yomwe mayiko ena adadutsa kale pomwe ena sanadutsepo, koma a kapangidwe kazachuma padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zisinthe zabwino zomwe capitalism zidabweretsa padziko lapansi, komanso kuti ili ndi ngongole zakuipa kwakukhala m'maiko ena osatukuka.

Kenako a mndandanda wa mayiko omwe alibe chitukuko, idayang'ana kwambiri mayiko omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la chitukuko cha anthu: