Zothandizira Zabwino ndi Zosalimbikitsa

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo zothandiza
• Zitsanzo za chothandizira cholakwika

Amatchedwa katemera mpaka njira ya mankhwala ya kufulumizitsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mankhwala, kuchokera pakuwonjezera kwa chinthu kapena chinthu, chophweka komanso chophatikizika, chomwe chimasintha nthawi zoyankhira osakhudza mtundu wazomaliza zomwezo, komanso, osataya unyinji wake panthawiyi, zomwe zimachitika ndi ma reagents.

Izi zimatchedwa chothandizira. Mankhwala aliwonse amakhala ndi chothandizira choyenera, chomwe chitha kupititsa patsogolo, kukulitsa kapena kupititsa patsogolo (chothandizira chabwino), kapena pang'onopang'ono, muchepetse ndi kufooka (chothandizira cholakwika) ndondomeko yanu. Omalizawa amadziwika kuti zoletsa.

Onaninso: Zitsanzo za othandizira (ndi ntchito zawo)

Zitsanzo zothandiza

1. Kutentha. Zinthu zambiri zamankhwala zimatha kupitilizidwa popanda kusintha zinthu zawo, pongowonjezera kutentha of the medium medium. Pachifukwa ichi kuwonongeka kwa nkhani imachitika mofulumira kwambiri kumadera otentha.
2. Mavitamini. Olekanitsidwa mwachilengedwe ndi thupi lamoyo, ma enzyme amatenga gawo lofunikira lothandizira, kufulumizitsa njira zofunika kuti, ngati zidachitika zokha, zitha kufuna kutentha komwe nthawi zambiri sikukugwirizana ndi moyo. (yang'anani: michere yam'mimba)
3. Zopangira Palladium. Pamagalimoto omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opanda mafuta, mapaipi okhala ndi palladium kapena platinamu m'magawo ang'onoang'ono amatsata utsi wamagalimoto, amatha kuyambitsa njira yochepetsera mpweya wa monoksayidi ndi mipweya ina yoyaka moto, kuti ichepetse zinthu zosowopsa munthawi yolemba.
4. Zowonjezera za fluorine. Zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa ozoni (O₃ → O + O₂) mu mpweya, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ili ndiye vuto lama aerosol ndi mafiriji omwe amatulutsa ma CFC mumlengalenga: amathandizira mpweya wa ozone motere.
5. Magnesium dioxide (MnO₂). Chothandizira pafupipafupi kuwonongeka kwa Hydrogen Peroxide kapena hydrogen peroxide (2H₂KAPENA₂ → 2H₂O + O₂) m'madzi ndi mpweya.
6. Faifi tambala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa hydrogenation yamafuta azamasamba, kuti apeze margarine, chifukwa chitsulo ichi chimathandizira njira yopeza lipids wokwanira.
7. Siliva. Siliva wa Polycrystalline ndi nanoporose ndi othandizira kupititsa patsogolo mpweya woipa (CO₂) ndi electrocatalysis.
8. Zotayidwa mankhwala enaake. Wogwira ntchito ku makampani makampani opanga petrochemical kuti afulumizitse kupanga ma resin kapena mafuta opangira, osasintha mawonekedwe osakhwima a ma hydrocarbon mu funso, popeza ili ndi acidic komanso zofunika nthawi imodzi (amphoteric substance).
9. Chitsulo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pantchito ya Haber-Bosch kupeza ammonia kuchokera ku hydrogen ndi nayitrogeni.
10. UV kuwala. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet, pamodzi ndi chothandizira chapadera.

Zitsanzo za chothandizira cholakwika

1. Kutentha. Monga kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumathandizira njira zamankhwala, kuchepa kwake kumawachedwetsa. Imeneyi ndiyo mfundo ya firiji, mwachitsanzo, yomwe imatalikitsa moyo wa chakudya posunga kutentha pang'ono.
2. Mankhwala a citric. Asidi a mandimu ndi zipatso zina za citrus zimachedwetsa njira ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni a zakuthupi.
3. Enzyme inhibitors. Zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimamangirira michere ndikuchepetsa zochitika zawo, kuyimitsa njira zamankhwala kapena zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuletsa njira zina zofunika kuti ziswane.
4. Potaziyamu chlorate. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobiriwira, momwe magnetite zitsulo zimakutidwa kuti zichepetse kapena kupewa kutentha kwake.
5. Asidi a Sorbic. Zosungira zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani azakudya kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.
6. Tetraethyl kutsogolera. Mu mafuta omwe analibe mafuta tsopano, chinthuchi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antiknock, ndiye kuti, kuti iphulike msanga.
7. Propanoic acid. Madzi opanda utoto, owola ndi fungo lonunkhira, ndi oyenera kusungitsa chakudya, chakudya ndi mankhwala, chifukwa ndimphamvu yolimbana ndi fungus komanso kukula kwa nkhungu.
8. Sulfa ndi zotumphukira. Makinawa amakhala ngati zoletsa zabwino za platinamu kapena faifi tambala mu machitidwe a hydrogenation. Maonekedwe a sulufule amasiya zotsatira zake ndipo zomwe zimachitika zimabwerera kufulumira.
9. Hydrocyanic (kapena prussic) asidi. Wowopsa kwambiri, momwe zimakhudzira nyama kapena anthu amasokoneza machitidwe a metalloenzymes ambiri, motero kupewa kupuma kwama cell ndikupha imfa m'mphindi zochepa.
10. Mercury, phosphorous, kapena nthunzi ya arsenic. Zinthu izi zimafafaniza kwathunthu ntchito ya asibestosi ya platinamu popanga sulfuric acid, ngati choletsa champhamvu.