Mawu otsutsana

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za zolemba zotsutsana

A mawu otsutsa Ndi imodzi yomwe wolemba amafuna kufotokozera malingaliro ake pamutu wina kapena pamitu ingapo.

Zolemba zotsutsana zimakhala ndi zolinga zokopa, ndiye kuti, zimayesetsa kupanga malingaliro kapena njira inayake pamutu uliwonse wokhutiritsa.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu zotsutsana, malembowa ali ndi zida zofotokozera (popeza amapatsa owerenga zambiri), komanso amafotokozera kapena zongotchulira (zida zovomerezeka zomwe zimathandizira kulandira mawu).

Zina mwazinthu zotsutsana ndi izi:

• Mawu omasulira
• Zokangana kuchokera kuulamuliro
• Kufotokozera ndi kusintha
• Mafotokozedwe
• Zitsanzo
• Zosintha ndi zachilendo
• Ziwerengero ndi zojambula zowoneka

Zolemba zotsutsana zimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri ofunikira:

• Zolemba zoyambirira. Ndiye poyambira pomwe mukufuna kuwonetsa kudzera pazokangana.
• Mapeto. Kuphatikizika komwe zotsutsana zimatsogoza ndikufotokozera mwachidule malingaliro omwe awonetsedwa pamalemba onse.

Zitsanzo za zolemba zotsutsana

1. Zolemba zamaphunziro. Amayang'ana kwambiri makamaka mbali zazidziwitso ndipo amafalitsidwa muma nyuzipepala owunikiridwa ndi anzawo, pogwiritsa ntchito maluso aukadaulo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zolembedwera, maumboni, zidziwitso komanso zowunikira (matebulo, ma graph). Ndi njira zokhazikitsira chidziwitso chovomerezeka cha chidziwitso chaukadaulo, zamunthu komanso zamaphunziro. Mwachitsanzo:

"Chidwi chaposachedwa padziko lonse lapansi chokhudza kulima kwa ma microalgae pazolinga zamagetsi, komanso kufunikira kwa ukadaulo wowonjezera wothandizira madzi akumwa, kwapangitsa njira zakumwa kwa madzi ogwiritsira ntchito tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kukhala njira yodalirika kuyambira pomwe azachuma komanso zachilengedwe amatsutsana ndi anzawo a aerobic ndi anaerobic . Mpweya womwe umatulutsa photosynthetically ndi microalgae umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ya zakuthupi ndi NH4 + (pamodzi ndi momwe ndalama zasungidwira mu aeration), pomwe kukula autotrophic ndi heterotrophic algal ndi bakiteriya zotsalira zimabweretsa kuchira kwakukulu kwa zakudya.” 

1. Kudzudzula mwaluso. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ukatswiri waluso pankhani zaluso si nkhani yongoyerekeza kapena kungomva kukoma. Otsutsa, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chawo, chidwi chawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kukangana kuti athandizire kutanthauzira mozungulira chojambulacho. Mwachitsanzo:

"Pambuyo Kupepuka Kovuta Kwa Kukhala wolemba Milan Kundera, atero a Antonio Méndez (excerpt):

Ndikudzudzula chikomyunizimu cha Soviet, bukuli, ngakhale lingawoneke ngati lotsatirali pamwambapa, limawoneka ngati nthabwala zake, ndi kudodometsa, kuda ndi kukayikira, kutiyika munkhani yosangalatsa yazambiri, yomwe kwenikweni ndi buku ya malingaliro okhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo komanso ovuta, imasakanikirana ndi zofuna zogonana, kusaka ndikukonda kugonjetsa komanso ndemanga zandale, ndi mafilosofi koma osiyana komanso owongoka. "

1. Zolankhula pandale. Ngakhale atha kugwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zokhudzana ndi malingaliro komanso kupusitsa chowonadi, nkhani zandale nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa ndikutsimikiza kwamalingaliro okhudzana ndi zachuma, zachikhalidwe kapena ndale mdziko muno. Mwachitsanzo:

"Adolf Hitler -" Tidzagonjetsa adani a Germany, "Epulo 10, 1923

Okondedwa anga, amuna ndi akazi aku Germany!

M'Baibulo kwalembedwa kuti: "Chimene sichiri chotentha kapena chozizira ndikufuna kulavulira mkamwa mwanga." Mawu awa a Nazarene wamkulu adasungabe zenizeni zake mpaka lero. Aliyense amene akufuna kuyendayenda mumsewu wapakati wagolide ayenera kusiya zomwe akwaniritsa zolinga zabwino kwambiri. Mpaka pano amatanthauzanso kukhala ofunda amakhalanso temberero la Germany. "

• Itha kukuthandizani: Zolankhula zazifupi

1. Zolemba pazandale. Monga misonkhano yandale, amakonda kuwunikiranso mkangano wosakhutira wodziwika mokomera ndale, nthawi zambiri zosintha kapena zandale. Pazomwezi zimakhazikitsidwa pamalingaliro, zotsutsana komanso zodandaula, ngakhale sizikhala ndi malo ambiri oti zizikwaniritsidwa mozama. Mwachitsanzo:

Kapepala ka Anarchist (chidutswa):

Pokhapo ndikudziyendetsa bwino kwamaphunziro komwe titha kukhala ndi maphunziro a libertarian, akudziko, osagonana, osasankhana. Pomwe chidziwitso chimamangidwa mu ubale wophunzirana womwe umaphatikizapo miyambo yathu, komwe umunthu wathu umakula ndipo sitimakopeka ndi fakitale ya ophunzira ofanana. Poyang'anira kudzisamalira kwamaphunziro! "

1. Zolemba pamawu. Lofalitsidwa munyuzipepala ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndikusainidwa ndi wolemba wawo, amayesetsa kutsimikizira owerenga za masomphenya awo pamutu wina kudzera pazokambirana kapena nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo:

"Nkhani 'Yopeka' wolemba Alberto Barrera Tyszka (Januware 23, 2016, tsiku lililonse Dziko):

Ndinayes. Ndikulumbira. Ndinakhala pansi patsogolo pa lamulolo mozama, wokonzeka kuthana ndi mzere uliwonse, ndikunena chilichonse. Zowona kuti ndinali nazo tsankho, kusakhulupilira kwachilengedwe kwa purezidenti yemwe, atasangalala ndi mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu, sanathe ngakhale kulephera bwino kwake. Ngakhale zinali choncho, ndidaganiza kuti nthawi ino, ndi zofooka zanga zonse zamasamu, ndiyesa kumvetsetsa lamulo lazachuma lomwe boma lipereke. "

• Zambiri mu: Zolemba pamalingaliro

1. Zolinga zamilandu. Pakazenga mlandu, maloya nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi womaliza kuchonderera, ndiye kuti, chidule cha kuzenga mlandu ndi kumasulira kwakanthawi kwaumboni kuti ayesetse kuweruza bwalo lamilandu yawo. Mwachitsanzo:

“Woweruza, ndikugwirizana ndi wosuma mulandu kuti mlandu wogwiririra ndi chinthu choyipa, manyazi omveka bwino owonongera mzimu wachikhalidwe cha anthu omwe kulibe. Koma sizili choncho pakadali pano. Monga tawonetsera kumayambiliro a zokambiranazi, a Januware 8, zikwi ziwiri mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi sikuti ndi mlandu wokhala ndi khalidwe lonyansa, popeza Abiti X ndi kasitomala wanga adagwirizana zogonana osayimira aliyense mtundu wachiwawam'malo mwake, anali ogwirizana. "

1. Zolemba za Essay. Zolemba pamanja ndi njira zodziwonera zenizeni zenizeni kutengera kuthekera (zandale, zachikhalidwe, zokongoletsa, nthanthi kapena mtundu uliwonse) wa wolemba. Amatha kukangana momasuka pachilichonse ndikukambirana mutu. Mwachitsanzo:

"Kuchokera nkhani Wolemba Michel de Montaigne (excerpt):

Za nkhanza
Ndikumvetsetsa kuti ukoma ndichinthu china chosiyana ndikulakalaka zabwino zomwe timabadwa mwa ife. Miyoyo yomwe mwa iwo yokha imalamulidwa ndi khalidweli labwino nthawi zonse limatsata njira yomweyo ndipo zochita zawo zikuyimira mbali yofanana ndi ya iwo omwe ali abwino; "

1. Kutsatsa. Ngakhale zokangana zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabodza kapena zongotengeka komanso zongokakamiza, zolemba zotsatsa ndizotsutsana chifukwa amafuna kukopa ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chinthu china pampikisano wake. Mwachitsanzo:

"Mphamvu Zoyatsira Mafuta Zoyambitsa Mafuta: Ziguleni Tsopano!

ZOYAMBIRA ZOTHANDIZA NKHANI ZOTHANDIZA Kutambasula Kwambiri ndi gwero lopanda mphamvu la ephedrine lomwe limathandizira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kake. Muli zitsamba zachilengedwe, tiyi kapena khofi, mavitamini ndi mchere, Chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuti mulimbikitse minofu yanu ndi zina zambiri! "

• Zambiri mu: Zolemba zotsatsa

1. Makampani azachilengedwe. Malembowa akufuna kuchenjeza za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikutsutsana ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwachilengedwe, komwe kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ndikulingalira kotsimikizika. Mwachitsanzo:

“KWA CHIKHALIDWE CHABWINO, ZINTHU ZONSE ZIMENE ZILI M'CHIKHALIDWE CHAKE

Kodi mumadziwa kuti mdziko lathu kupezeka kwa zinyalala zolimba kwakhala kukukulirakulira, pokhala pakati pa mayiko omwe amapanga zinyalala zambiri pamunthu aliyense, 62% yakunyumba ndi 38% ya mafakitale (BIOMA, 1991)? Akuyerekeza kuti, pafupifupi, munthu aliyense amatulutsa zinyalala 1 kg patsiku. Ngati zinyalala m'masitolo, zipatala ndi ntchito zikuwonjezeredwa, ndalamazo zimawonjezeka ndi 25-50%, mpaka 1.5 kg pa munthu / tsiku (ADAN, 1999). Tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu pa izi! "

1. Malangizo a Gastronomic. Ngakhale zokonda ndizabwinobwino, pali utolankhani wopatsa chidwi woperekera kuyesa, kulimbikitsa kapena kukana malo odyera, kutengera luso lawo komanso chidziwitso chawo. Kuti achite izi, amatsutsana ndikunena zolinga zawo ndikuyesa kukopa owerenga za izi. Mwachitsanzo:

"Upangiri wathu wamasiku ano umatchedwa RANDOM MADRID ndipo uli pa Calle Caracas, 21. Kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi zolemba zazikulu ziwiri El columpio ndi Le Cocó chilimwechi titha kusangalala ndi amodzi mwamalo abwino kwambiri ku Madrid ndi msika wake wapadziko lonse wokongola zakudya. Kusakanikirana pakati pa zakudya zathu zaku Spain ndi zakudya zaku France, Italy, Peruvia, Japan kapena Scandinavia. Nyumba yabwino kwambiri kuti tisangalale ndi mkamwa mwathu. "

1. Ofalitsa atolankhani. "Mkonzi" ndi gawo la atolankhani momwe malingaliro otsutsa a olemba nyuzipepala kapena pulogalamuyo amafotokozedwera pamutu wosangalatsa kwa iwo, kuyesa kutsimikizira omvera awo. Mwachitsanzo:

"Kuchokera mkonzi wa nyuzipepala yaku Spain Dziko, wa Seputembara 12, 2016 (chidutswa):

Malizitsani iye zungulirazungulira

Nzika za European Union zili ndi ufulu woyenda kuchokera kudziko lina kupita kwina, koma mafoni awo amatha kulipira ndalama zambiri ngati atayikidwa kuchokera kunja kuti apange mafoni, afufuze imelo kapena intaneti. Gwiritsani ntchito mafoni mukamayendayenda - otchuka zungulirazungulira-zikutanthauza kuti kukumana ndi mitengo yapadera, nthawi zambiri nkhanza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito samadziwa nthawi zonse. "

1. Makalata othandizira. Ogwira ntchito, ophunzira kapena aumwini, makalatawa amatsutsana ndi munthu amene amalimbikitsa zamunthu wina, kudzera m'malingaliro awo, amatsimikizira zabwino zomwe zavomerezedwa. Mwachitsanzo:

"Buenos Aires, Januware 19, 2016

KWA OMWE ZINGAWAKHUDZE:

Ndakhala ndikumudziwa Mr. El Gálvez adagwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi Wothandizira Zogulitsa, ndipo chitukuko chake chinali chosangalatsa kwambiri, kwa omwe adasaina komanso ku kampani yomwe adayimilira, chifukwa chake ndikulangiza kulemba ntchito akatswiri. " 

• Itha kukutumikirani: Zolemba

1. Zolankhula pagulu. Zolankhula zopangidwa ndi otchuka kapena anzeru pazochitika zapagulu kapena pamwambo wamalipiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokambirana zocheperako kapena zocheperako pamutu wokhudzidwa ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo:

"Kuchokera Kusungulumwa kwa Latin America, cholankhulidwa ndi a Gabriel García Márquez povomereza Mphotho ya Nobel (excerpt): 

Kudziimira pawokha kuchokera kuulamuliro waku Spain sikunatipulumutse ku misala. General Antonio López de Santa Anna, yemwe anali wolamulira mwankhanza katatu ku Mexico, anali ndi mwendo wakumanja womwe adataya munthawi yotchedwa Nkhondo ya Cakes yomwe idakwiriridwa ndi maliro okongola. General Gabriel García Moreno adalamulira Ecuador kwa zaka 16 ngati mfumu yeniyeni, ndipo mtembo wake udaphimbidwa mu yunifolomu yake ndi zida zake zokongoletsera atakhala pampando wa purezidenti. "

1. Makalata ochokera kwa wowerenga. M'manyuzipepala muli magawo omwe owerenga amatha kufotokoza malingaliro awo momasuka pamitu ingapo, kuwatsutsa momwe amafunira. Mwachitsanzo:

"Tsiku ndi tsiku Mtundu, Kalata yochokera kwa owerenga Loweruka, Seputembara 10, 2016 (kagawo):

Zogulitsa kunja

Kwa zaka zopitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi tavutika ndi ntchito ndi malingaliro okhala ndi mayankho amatsenga a Peronism, mumitundu ina yonse. Sindikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti, patapita nthawi yayitali, ambiri atha ndi zolephera zamtengo wapatali, monga lamulo la renti lidayamba. Tsopano tili ndi bilu yoletsa kutulutsa katundu kwa masiku 120. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala zopanda pake, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamtunduwu kumatsegula njira yachinyengo, polola kupatula zina zomwe zimapangitsa "kugawa" malo atapereka msonkho. Palibe njira yomwe ingayambitse zovuta kugulitsa malo. "

1. Zojambula ndakatulo. Ngakhale ndizolemba zolembedwa mosangalatsa, amakhalanso ndi malingaliro amunthu payekha komanso omvera pazomwe zaluso zimatanthawuza komanso momwe zimachitikira, zokonzedwa ndi olemba omwe ali ndi ntchito yodziwika. Mwachitsanzo:

"Vicente Huidobro - 'Zojambula ndakatulo’

Lolani vesili likhale ngati kiyi
Icho chimatsegula zitseko chikwi.
Tsamba limagwa; china chimadutsa;
Momwe maso amawonekera kwambiri,
Ndipo womvera amanjenjemerabe.

Lowetsani maiko atsopano ndikusamalira mawu anu;
Pulogalamu ya chiganizo, ikapanda kupereka moyo, imapha. "

• Itha kukutumikirani: Ndakatulo