Etopeia

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo kuchokera ku ethopeia

Pulogalamu ya etopeia Ndiwosanthula zomwe zimafotokozera zamakhalidwe ndi malingaliro amunthu. Mwachitsanzo: Nthawi zonse amakhala kumbuyo kwa kalasi. Anali chete, wamanyazi, koma wanzeru kwambiri kuposa ena onse, ngakhale adasamala kuti asadziwike. Nthawi zochepa zomwe adatenga nawo gawo mkalasi, m'mawu ake ofooka, akuyesetsa kuti akweze, adanenanso zomwe zidatisiya tonse osalankhula. Mutha kudziwa kuti anali wamakhalidwe abwino, woganiza bwino komanso wosaiwalika, komanso waluso.

Pakapita nthawi, zina zidawonjezedwa zomwe zimalola kumvetsetsa kwamakhalidwe monga umunthu wake, miyambo yake, zikhulupiriro zake, momwe amamvera, malingaliro ake komanso malingaliro ake.

Ethopeia imasiyana ndi prosopography (malongosoledwe akuwonekera kwa otchulidwa) ndi chithunzi (cholembera chomwe chimaphatikiza mawonekedwe akunja ndi amkati mwa kufotokoza kwa otchulidwa).

Nthawi zambiri, Aitiopiya zimachitika munthu akapatsidwa liwu lodziwonetsera kudzera m'mawu ake, momwe amalankhulira, komanso zithunzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndikulola kuti munthuyo azilankhula yekha, pogwiritsa ntchito zokambirana, monologue kapena monologue wamkati.

The etopeia imawerengedwa kuti ndi malo owonetsera zisudzo, chifukwa imakakamiza owerenga kuti alowe mu psyche yamakhalidwewo ndikuyimira kufotokoza kwamatsenga.

• Onaninso: Mafanizo

Zitsanzo kuchokera ku ethopeia

1. Machitidwe awo anali ovuta kwambiri kotero kuti oyandikana nawo amawagwiritsa ntchito kusintha mawotchi awo. Uyu anali Kant, wafilosofi yemwe, mwina chifukwa cha khungu lake lodwala, adagwiritsitsa nthawi komanso kudziwiratu mpaka atamwalira. Tsiku lililonse, amadzuka 5 koloko m'mawa, kuyambira eyiti mpaka teni kapena kuyambira 7 koloko mpaka 9, kutengera tsiku, amaphunzitsa payekha. Anali wokonda kudya pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo, zomwe zimatha kukhala mpaka maola atatu ndipo, pambuyo pake, nthawi zonse nthawi yomweyo, amayenda tawuni yomwe sanachokeko - kenako nkumadzipereka powerenga ndikusinkhasinkha. At 10, mwachipembedzo, adagona.
2. Mulungu wake yekhayo anali ndalama. Nthawi zonse amakhala tcheru momwe angagulitsire, ngakhale zomwe sizingagulitsidwe, kwa ena osazindikira omwe adakumana ndi station, omwe ndi mawu ndi ziwonetsero adakwanitsa kuwatenga ngakhale ndi batani. Kwa iye, chilichonse chinali choyenera kugula. Choonadi sichinali kumpoto kwake. Chifukwa chake, adamupatsa dzina loti sophist.
3. Mu kumwetulira kwake mumatha kuwona zakale zomvetsa chisoni. Komabe, anali wofunitsitsa kusiya pamenepo, m'mbuyomu. Nthawi zonse wokonzeka kupereka chilichonse kwa ena. Ngakhale zomwe ndinalibe. Umu ndi momwe adakhalira moyo wake, kuyesetsa kuti zowawa zomwe adakumana nazo sizitanthauzira kubwezera, mkwiyo kapena kuipidwa.
4. Omwe amawadziwa abambo anga akuwonetsa chidwi chake pantchito, abale ndi abwenzi. Udindo ndi udindo sizimalepheretsa kuseka kwake; Komanso analibe chodzionetsera kuti amakonda ena pamaso pa ena. Chipembedzo, mwa iye, nthawi zonse chinali chokakamiza, osati chotsutsa.
5. Ntchito sinali chinthu chake. Chizolowezi, mwina. Anagona mpaka ola lililonse ndikusamba mwangozi. Ngakhale zinali choncho, aliyense m'dera lathu ankamukonda, nthawi zonse amatithandiza kusintha kanyanga kakang'ono pampopi kapena mababu oyatsa. Komanso, atatiwona tikubwera titadzaza ndi zinthu, anali woyamba kudzipereka kuti atithandiza. Tiphonya.
6. Anali waluso, ngakhale momwe amawonekera. Poganizira mwatsatanetsatane, adapeza ntchito pakona iliyonse. Phokoso lililonse, la iye, limatha kukhala nyimbo, ndi sentensi iliyonse, chidutswa cha ndakatulo yomwe palibe amene adalemba. Khama lake ndi kudzipereka kwake zitha kuwonedwa munyimbo zonse zomwe adazisiya.
7. Mnzanga Manuelito ndimunthu wapadera. M'mawa uliwonse pa 6 koloko, amatenga galu woopsa yemwe amayenda naye. Amasewera ng'oma, kapena amatero. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira 9 mpaka wina amene amadziwa nthawi, nyumbayo imagwedezeka chifukwa cha zomwe amakonda. Madzulo, nyumba yonse imanunkha ndikukonzekera maphikidwe achilendo omwe agogo ake aakazi adamuphunzitsa kale. Ngakhale kuli phokoso, kununkhira komanso kukuwa kwa mwana wake wagalu, Manuelito amadzipangitsa kukhala wokondedwa. Nthawi zonse amakhala wokonzeka kuthandiza ena.
8. Zikuwoneka kuti mkazi wake adamusiya. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, moyo wake udasokonekera. Usiku uliwonse, amamuwona pakhonde loyandikana ndi botolo la vinyo wotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso galasi losasamba. Maso ake nthawi zonse amatayika.
9. Sanakhudze mayikirowevu. Kutentha pang'ono ndi kuleza mtima zinali, kwa iye, agogo anga aakazi, kiyi wazakudya zilizonse. Nthawi zonse ankatiyembekezera titatsamira pakhomo, ndi mbale zathu zomwe timakonda zili kale patebulo, ndipo amatiyang'anitsitsa pamene tinkasangalala kuluma kulikonse, ndikumwetulira kosadodometsedwa. Loweruka lirilonse pa 7, tinkapita naye ku misa. Inali nthawi yokhayo yamasana pomwe anali wotsimikiza komanso wodekha. Tsiku lonselo amalankhula osayima ndipo nthawi iliyonse akaseka, zonse zomuzungulira zidagwedezeka. Zomera zinali zina mwazokonda zake. Amawasamalira aliyense wa iwo ngati kuti ndi ana ake: amawathirira, amawaimbira ndikuyankhula nawo ngati akumumva.
10. Mawu sanali chinthu chake, anali chete nthawi zonse: kuyambira nthawi yomwe amafika kuofesi, atavala suti yake yabwino kwambiri, mpaka nthawi imakwana sikisi, pomwe adachoka osapanga phokoso. Pamene chipumi chake chinali kunyezimira ndi thukuta, zinali chifukwa chodandaula kuti adadzutsidwa kuti ena samutsekera. Mapensulo ake, omwe amawerengera kosatha, anali kulumidwa nthawi zonse. Tsopano popeza adapuma pantchito, timadziimba mlandu kuti sitinamve zambiri za iye.
11. Moyo wake umafanana, poyenda mosatopa, mlaliki wachikhalidwe, yemwe kugwa kwakukulu kwa anthu otembenukira ku Chiyuda adawona kwazaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi akudyetsa khamu, kumasula akapolo oyendetsa ngalawa, kulingalira za mtunda, zokolola zosangalatsa za chilakolako, kununkhira zachilendo ngati sitolo yake ndi sandalwood wamtengo wapatali zaubwino ndi luso. (Guillermo Leon Valencia)
12. Maluwa ofiira owopsa amaphuka pansi pa nkhope zawo zamtendere. Ndiwo maluwa omwe amalimidwa ndi dzanja langa, dzanja la mayi. Ndapereka moyo, tsopano ndikuchotsanso, ndipo palibe matsenga omwe angabwezeretse mzimu wa osalakwawa. Sadzayikanso mikono yawo yaying'ono m'khosi mwanga, kuseka kwawo sikudzabweretsa nyimbo za m'makutu mwanga. Kubwezera kumeneko ndi kokoma ndi bodza. (Medea, malinga ndi Sophocles)
13. Koma tsoka, ndikukumana ndi tsoka lofanana ndi la abambo anga. Ndine mwana wamkazi wa Tantalus, yemwe ndimakhala ndi milungu, koma, pambuyo pa phwandolo, adathamangitsidwa pakati pa milungu, ndipo, popeza ndimachokera ku Tantalus, ndikutsimikizira mzere wanga ndi zovuta. (Níobe, malinga ndi Euripides)
14. Mwana wamkazi wa nzika yolemekezeka kwambiri, Metellus Scipio, mkazi wa Pompey, kalonga wa mphamvu yayikulu, mayi wa ana ofunikira kwambiri, ndimadzipeza ndekha ndikugwedezeka m'malo onse ndimavuto ambiri omwe ndimatha kuwatengera m'mutu mwanga kapena kukhala chete kwa malingaliro anga, ndilibe mawu kapena mawu oti ndiziwonetsera. (Cornelia, malinga ndi Plutarco)
15. Don Gumersindo […] anali wochezeka […] wothandiza. Wachifundo […] ndipo adayesetsa kuti asangalatse ndikuthandizira aliyense ngakhale zitakhala ndalama zambiri, kusowa tulo, kutopa, bola ngati sizimulipiritsa […] Wokondwa komanso bwenzi la nthabwala ndi kunyoza […] Ndipo adakondwera nawo ndi chithandizo cha chithandizo chake [...] komanso ndi kuluntha kwake, ngakhale anali kucheza pang'ono ( Pepita Jimenez Ndi Juan Valera)

Tsatirani ndi:

• Kufotokozera
• Kulongosola kwamtundu