Chiwonongeko

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya maubwenzi
• Udindo pakusintha
• Kusintha kwanyama
• Zitsanzo za maubwenzi oyambilira
• Itha kukutumikirani

Pulogalamu ya chilombo Ndiwo ubale wachilengedwe momwe mtundu umodzi umafunikira kusaka ina kuti ipulumuke, chifukwa ndi njira yokhayo yodyetsera.

Kudyetsa nthawi zonse kumakhala gawo lofunikira pakusintha kulikonse. Kupatula kusiyanasiyana, anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi (omwe amatchedwa chilombo ndi nyama) ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina nyama yolanda nyama imatha kulanda ina nthawi yomweyo, pomwe nyama imodzi imatha kulanda nyama zingapo.

M'mbuyomu, mosiyana ndi maubwenzi ena ambiri m'chilengedwe, pali m'modzi yekha amene amapindula naye: wolandayo amafunikira nyamayo, pomwe nyamayo amangofunika kudziteteza ku ngozi yomwe ikubisala. Chiyanjano chomenyanacho chimaphatikizapo zooneka kapena zowoneka bwino zomwe nyamayo imamuyandikitsa pafupi ndi nyamayo, kapena kukoka komwe kumachitika mwakachetechete kupewa kuwononga mphamvu.

Mitundu ya maubwenzi

Zomwe zimatchedwa kuyanjana kwachilengedwe kapena maubale amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Parasitism: Ngati chamoyo chimalandira chakudya kuchokera kwa wina ndikuchivulaza potero, ndiye kachilombo kake.
• Kuchita bwino: Zamoyo ziwiri zitha kufuna zinthu zofanana kuti zikule. Mwachitsanzo, mitengo iwiri yomwe ili pafupi iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito michere kuchokera m'nthaka, chinyezi, ndi dzuwa. Zikatero, amakhala opikisana ndikupweteketsana.
• Kukhazikika: Ngati chamoyo A chimalandira phindu linalake (ntchito kapena gwero) kuchokera ku chamoyo china B, pomwe chamoyo B sichimadzipindulitsa kapena kudzivulaza, chamoyo A ndichofanana.
• Mgwirizano: Mabungwe onsewa amapindula ndi ubalewu.
• Mgwirizano: Mitundu yonse iwiri imapindula ndi ubalewu, koma kukhalapo kwawo sikudalira ubalewo, monga kumachitikira.

Udindo pakusintha

Kudyetsa nthawi zonse kwakhala pakatikati pa chisinthiko. Ndi gawo limodzi la zachilengedwe, komanso kuchepa kwa mitundu ina ya zamoyo zomwe izi zimathandizira kuti zizikhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera: ngati imodzi mwa izo itayamba kukula mosalamulirika, itha kumatha kusokoneza chilengedwe.

Zowononga ndizoyang'anira kusamalira chilengedwe, ndipo ndi ochenjera pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya zamoyo: amadziwa bwino kuti ngati izi sizingatheke kupitilira kuchuluka kwa anthu, gwero lake lalikulu la chakudya lidzatheratu.

Kusintha kwanyama

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kusintha kwa thupi pofuna kupezerapo mwayi paubwenzowu, popeza kuti nyamayo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zikhadabo, mano akuthwa, liwiro, kuthamanga, imaganiza zokasaka pagulu komanso modzidzimutsa, pomwe nyamayo imadziteteza pomathamanga, kubisala, ngakhale kunamizira imfa yawo ndi kutaya zinthu ndi fungo kapena kukoma kosasangalatsa.

Kubisa

Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zamakonzedwe akale ndi cha kubisa, pomwe chamoyo chimatha kusintha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, kukhala wofanana ndi malo, kumakhala kovuta kuti chizindikiridwe ndi chilombo ngati chikufuna kudzitchinjiriza, kapena ndi nyamayo ngati kusinthako kuli mbali ya mdani .

Nyama, ndiye, khalani ndi ngati zinthu zopanda moyo ngati miyala, mitengo ikuluikulu, masamba ndi nthambi, m'njira yoti ndizosatheka kuzimvetsetsa pokhapokha ngati gulu likuwachititsa chidwi kwambiri: khalidweli limanenedwa ndi anthu pazinthu zakusaka ndi nkhondo.

Zitsanzo za maubwenzi oyambilira

• Mkango, wolusa nyama za impala, mbidzi, njati (onani chithunzi).
• Nkhandwe, chilombo cha nkhandwe.
• Njenjete, nyama zamatchire ndi zina zamphamba.
• American mink, kanyama kochepa kodya nsomba ndi nkhono.
• Mbawala, nyama ya mkango.
• Wosakhazikika, wolusa makoswe.
• Mbira, nyama yolusa ya mphutsi.
• Nyalugwe, wolusa nyama ya nguluwe.
• Shaki, nyama yolusa nsomba zambiri.
• Nyulu yamphongo, nyama ya puma.
• Anaconda, nyama yofunika kwambiri yodya nyama zam'mlengalenga.
• Chule, chilombo cha kachilomboka.
• Mphalapala, nyamayi ya nsomba zazinkhanira.
• Mahatchi, kulanda kwa nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe.
• Kambuku, wolusa njati.
• Mbalame ya alligator, nyama yolusa ya nsomba zina.
• Mbewa, nyama ya nkhandwe.
• Leming, nyama ya kadzidzi.
• Mkango waku Africa, nyama yolusa mbidzi.
• Nyalugwe, wolusa nsomba zina.
• Jaguar, chilombo cha nswala.
• Chisindikizo, chilombo china cha nsomba.
• Nkhandwe, chilombo cha mbalame.
• Jaguar, chilombo cha tapirs.
• Ntchentche ndi agulugufe, nyama ya achule.

Itha kukutumikirani

• Zitsanzo za Predator and Prey
• Zitsanzo za Nyama Zosangalatsa
• Zitsanzo za Mgwirizano
• Zitsanzo za Parasitism
• Zitsanzo za Commensalism