Zamkati
Zimamveka ndi nkhalango, komanso by nkhalango kapena mwa nkhalango yamvula, malo azomera zambiri okhala ndi masamba otambalala, masamba, chotseka chotsekedwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu ingapo yam'munsi yamiyala (mwachitsanzo, "pansi" kapena "milingo" yazomera).
Pulogalamu ya nkhalango nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi alendo kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zotsalira zazomera (magawo awiri mwa atatu za dziko lonse lapansi) Zimapezeka m'malo omwe mvula imagwa pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka, ndi dothi lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe komanso nyengo yotentha ya mzere wapakati.
Palibe njira yokhayo yosiyanitsira nkhalango zamvula, nkhalango ndi nkhalango zotentha, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchula Zowonjezera zowonjezera komanso zosadutsika, mosiyana ndi nkhalango zotentha zokhala ndi kutalika kwakutali pakati pa mitengo.
Nkhalango zimawerengedwa lero malo akuluakulu achilengedwe kuti mupeze, ndikuyembekeza kupereka, mwa mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nyama zomwe zidziwike, ndi zina zomwe zingatipatse mwayi wopangira mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Zitsanzo za nkhalango
Amazon. Ndi nkhalango yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe ili ndi ma kilomita sikisi miliyoni padziko lonse, yogawidwa m'maiko asanu ndi anayi: Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, Ecuador ndi French Guyana. Mwinanso ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo adalengezedwa mu 2011 ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri zachilengedwe padziko lapansi.
Pulagi Darien. Ili ndi dzina lomwe limaperekedwa kudera lamatchire lomwe limasiyanitsa pakati pa Colombia ndi Panama, komanso pakati pa South America ndi Central America. Dzinali limachitika chifukwa choti Pan-American Highway yomwe imagwirizanitsa mayiko ambiri a kontinentiyo yasokonezedwa kumeneko, ndipo palibe njira zina zapansi panthaka zodutsamo.
Nkhalango yamvula yaku Western Guinea. Nkhalango yamvula iyi yoposa 200,000 km2 imachokera ku Guinea ndi Sierra Leone kudzera ku Liberia, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ivory Coast. Ndi zigawo zochepa za Africa zomwe zimakhala chinyezi ngati izi, amene nyengo yake youma ndi yaifupi koma yayikulu. Monga nkhalango ina yonse ya ku Guinea, kusamalira kwake ndikofunikira.
Nkhalango ya montane ya Guinea. Makilomita 31,0002 a nkhalango yamvula yobalalika m'mapiri a Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia ndi Sierra Leone amakhala m'chigawo ichi cha West Africa. Ngakhale kuti biotic ndiyofunika kwambiri, sikutheka kuwerengera momwe amasungira zachilengedwe chifukwa cha nkhondo zapachiweniweni zomwe zikuwononga dera lonselo.
Nkhalango yaku Congo. Powonjezera kudutsa m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Congo ndi mitsinje yake, nkhalango yamvula iyi yaku Africa ili ndi gawo lalikulu, kuphatikiza madera a Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of the Congo, Cameroon ndi Central African Republic. Ndi nkhalango yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi (700,000 km2) ndi ili ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso yolemera yachilengedwe yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa chodula mitengo, zomangamanga komanso kupha nyama mosalolera.
Central Jungle ya Peru. Nkhalangoyi ili ndi gawo la 10% ya dziko lomwe lanenedwa, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu khofi ndi koko, zokolola zofunika kuzogulitsa ku Peru, ngakhale malire a umphawi m'derali ndiofunikira.
Nkhalango yamvula yaku Nigeria. Nkhalango umbrophilic (mvula yambiri pachaka) pafupifupi 67,300 km2 pakati pa Nigeria ndi Benin, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ndi mitundu isanu yopezeka ya nyama zowopsa ndi madera ambiri okhala ndi anthu okhala m'matawuni.
Nkhalango za amishonale. Pokhala m'chigawo cha 35% m'chigawo cha Misiones, kumpoto kwa Argentina, nkhalango yowuma kwambiri iyi ndi ina mwa zokopa alendo m'derali, yomwe ili pakati pa Brazil ndi Argentina. Imafikira m'zigwa zotsika kwambiri komanso m'mapiri mpaka mamita 850 pamwamba pamadzi.
Nyumba. Monga mbali yakum'mawa kwa mapiri a Andes, ma yungas ndi nkhalango zamapiri kapena mapiri, mitambo, mvula komanso nkhalango zotentha za Andean. Amayambira kumpoto kwa Peru kupita ku Bolivia ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina, ndipo ali ndi gawo lothandizira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ku South America.
Taman Negara. Ndilo dzina la National Park ndi malo oyamba otetezedwa ku Malaysia, Ndi umodzi mwamapiri akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 130 miliyoni. Pakadali pano ndichimodzi mwazokopa alendo ochokera mdziko la Asia.
Nkhalango ya New Guinea. Nkhalango yachitatu yomwe ili ndi zamoyo zambiri padziko lapansi komanso yomwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ili pachilumba cha Nueva Guinea, chokhala 85% ya gawo lonse la chilumbacho, pafupifupi 668,000 km2. Ikuwerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazomwe sizilowererapo padziko lapansi ndipo zili ndi magawo atatu a nkhalango: kotentha, kotentha komanso mitambo.
Nkhalango yamapiri ya Usambara. Ili ku Tanzania komanso mbali ina ya Eastern African Mountain Arch, nkhalango yakale yotentha yakale kwambiri imadutsa mapiri a Usambara. kupezeka kwamphamvu kwamitundu yopezeka, chifukwa cha kusintha kwina. Pakadali pano ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chachilengedwe, chifukwa chodula mitengo mosasankha, ndipo zoyesayesa zingapo zapadziko lonse lapansi mwachangu zikufuna kukonza zomwe zawonongeka.
Nkhalango Yamtambo ya Monteverde. Yosankhidwa ngati imodzi mwazinthu 7 zodabwitsa za alendo ku Costa Rica, ndi nkhalango yotentha yofunika kwambiri kwachilengedwe, kuyambira pamenepo ali ndi mitundu 5% ya mitundu ya mbalame padziko lapansi, 6.5% ya mileme, 3% ya agulugufe ndi 3% ya ferns.
Nkhalango yamvula ya ku Madagascar. Ili m'chigawo chapakati cha chilumba cha Africa cha Madagascar, nkhalango yamvula iyi pafupifupi 200,000 km2 imalandira mphepo yamkuntho yamalonda yomwe imasunga malo abwino azomera zake zosangalatsa. Pakadali pano, zikuwopsezedwa ndikukula kwa Antananarivo, likulu la dzikolo, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zosintha zolima.
Nkhalango ya Lacandon. Wotchedwa "Desert of Solitude", uli ku Chiapas, Mexico, kulowera kumalire ndi Guatemala, dera lomwe anthu a Mayan a Lacandón amakhala. Lili ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 960,000 a nkhalango yamvula, ndipo adadziwika kwambiri mzaka za m'ma 90 ndikuwonekera kwa Zapatista Army of National Liberation.
Nkhalango ya Borneo. Ili pachilumba cha dzina lomweli, ili m'gawo lake lalikulu, kukhala kwakukulu osakhudzidwa komanso osafufuzidwa. M'chifuwa chake, pali mitundu yoposa 400 ya nyama ndi zomera kuyambira 1994, ngakhale kuti kudula ndi kuwotcha, limodzi ndi mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza kuti upeze mafuta, zimapangitsa nkhalango kukhala pachiwopsezo.
Nkhalango ya Petén. Ili ku Guatemala, kumpoto kwa dipatimenti yosadziwika, yomwe imakhala pafupifupi 30%. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, UNESCO yaphatikizana ndi Boma la Guatemala kuti asunge zachilengedwe zomwe zilimo.
Nkhalango ya Valdivian. Pafupifupi 400,000 km2 wandiweyani, ili mdera lamalire a Chile ndi Argentina. Ndi nkhalango yamvula yambiri, ngakhale kuti kale inkatchedwa nkhalango, pakali pano amakonda zomera za kotentha. Komabe, mawuwa amagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazokopa komanso kutsatsa.
Nkhalango yaku Eastern Guinea. Ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Ivory Coast ndi Ghana, komanso Togo ndi Benin, ndi nkhalango yamvula ya 184,000 km2. Ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya anyani, zokwawa ndi amphibiya, nkhalango yamvula iyi ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu, atapatsidwa mitengo ndi kusaka mosasamala, zopangidwa ndi ntchito zaulimi komanso mitengo yolimba yotumiza kunja.
Nkhalango yotentha ku Farallones de Cali. Pamodzi ndi nkhalango yotentha, nkhalango yamtambo ndi paramo, nkhalango yonyowa imalumikiza madera azachilengedwe za thanthwe ili kumadzulo kwa Colombia. Ndi mitengo mpaka mamita 40, nkhalangoyi imasungira nyengo yabwino mitsinje yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapereka magetsi kumizinda ya Valle del Cauca.
Zambiri?
- Zitsanzo za Nkhalango
- Zitsanzo za M'zipululu
- Zitsanzo za Flora
- Zitsanzo za Flora ndi Fauna
- Zitsanzo za Malo Opangira
