Zitsanzo za Mchere wa Acid - Encyclopedia

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Nomenclature ya mchere wa acid
Zitsanzo za mchere wa asidi

Mu fayilo ya umagwirira umagwirira, pamalankhulidwa za Mchere tikamanena za mankhwala omwe amapezeka pamene asidi amakhala ndi maatomu a haidrojeni osinthidwa ndi ena osasintha, yomwe makamaka mchere wamchere, Ndi amtundu woyipa (cations). Mwa kuti amasiyana ndi mchere wosalowerera ndale kapena mchere wamabina.

Mchere Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kudzera pazomwe zimachitika pakati pa asidi ndi hydroxide (m'munsi). Potere, nthawi zambiri m'munsi mumataya magulu a hydroxyl (-OH) ndi asidi maatomu a haidrojeni (H), ndikupanga mchere wosalowerera ndale; koma ngati asidi amene akufunsidwayo amasunga imodzi mwa maatomu ake a haidrojeni, ndikusintha mphamvu yamagetsi yoyankhira, tidzapeza mchere wamchere kapena mchere wa hydrogenated.

Mwachitsanzo, lithiamu bicarbonate imapezeka ku lithiamu hydroxide ndi carbonic acid:

LiOH + H₂NKHA₃ = Li (HCO₃) + H₂KAPENA

Kuyankha, monga tawonera, kumapangitsanso madzi ngati chotulukapo.

Nomenclature ya mchere wa acid

Malinga ndi dzina lodziwika bwino, pamchere wamchere njira yachikhalidwe yotchulira mchere wosaloledwa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera pazimasulira -ate kapena -ite, koma patsogolo pa chiyambi chosonyeza kuchuluka kwa maatomu a haidrojeni omwe adalowedwa m'malo pa molekyulu. Mwachitsanzo, lithiamu bicarbonate (LiHCO₃) adzakhala ndi ma atomu awiri a haidrojeni (bi = awiri).

Kumbali inayi, malinga ndi dongosolo la nomenclature, nthawiyo haidrojeni kwa dzina wamba la mchere womwe umapezeka, kulemekeza ma prefix omwe amatanthauza ma atomu a haidrojeni omwe adasinthidwa. Chifukwa chake, lithiamu hydrogen carbonate kapena lithiamu hydrogen carbonate idzakhala njira zodzitchulira lithiamu bicarbonate (LiHCO)₃).

Zitsanzo za mchere wa asidi

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Amatchedwanso sodium hydrogen carbonate (IV), ndi oyera oyera osungunuka, osungunuka m'madzi, omwe amapezeka m'chilengedwe cha mchere kapena amatha kupangidwa mu labotale. Ndi imodzi mwamchere wamchere kwambiri womwe umadziwika ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonunkhira, zamankhwala kapena kupanga yogurt.
Lifiyamu bicarbonate (LiHCO₃). Mchere wamcherewu wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira ku CO₂ m'malo omwe mpweya wotere ndi wosafunikira, monga ku North America "Apollo" mishoni.
Potaziyamu dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). Crystalline olimba, odorless, sungunuka m'madzi, ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga yisiti ya chakudya, wothandizira wonyenga, wolimbitsa thupi komanso wothandizira pakuwongolera.
Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO₄). Mchere wamchere wopangidwa ndi kusalowererapo kwa asidi wa sulfuric, wogwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pakuyenga kwazitsulo, zoyeretsa ndipo ngakhale zili ndi poizoni kwa ma echinoderm ena, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu chakudya cha ziweto komanso popanga zodzikongoletsera.
Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). Gulu lowopsa logwiririra, chifukwa limawononga kwambiri komanso ndi poizoni. Zimatha kuyambitsa khungu kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa diso, chifukwa ndiyothekanso.
Calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO₄). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pazakudya zambewu ndi ziweto, imasungunuka m'madzi koma imatha kuyimitsidwa ikathiriridwa ndikudya mamolekyulu awiri amadzi.
Ammonium hydrogen carbonate ([NH₄] HCO₃). Amadziwika kuti ammonium bicarbonate ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya ngati yisiti wamafuta, ngakhale ili ndi vuto lotchera amoniya, kupatsa chakudya kukoma ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozimitsira moto, kupanga mitundu, komanso ngati kutambasula mphira.
Barium bicarbonate (Ba [HCO₃]₂). Mchere wamchere womwe ukatenthedwa umatha kusintha momwe amapangidwira ndipo umakhala wosakhazikika kupatula yankho. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani ceramic.
Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Mchere uwu ndi wosakhazikika kwambiri ndipo pamaso pa oxygen umapezeka mu sodium sulfate, ndichifukwa chake umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani azakudya ngati chosungira chakudya komanso desiccant. Ndiwochepetsa kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza mitundu.
Calcium citrate (Ca₃[C₆H₅KAPENA₇]₂). Amadziwika kuti mchere wowawa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya komanso monga chowonjezera chaumoyo mukalumikizidwa ndi amino acid lysine. Ndi ufa woyera, wosanunkha, wamakristalo.
Monocalcium mankwala(Ca [H₂PO₄]₂). Chowala chopanda utoto chomwe chimapezeka chifukwa cha calcium hydroxide ndi phosphoric acid, Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chotupitsa kapena ngati feteleza pantchito zaulimi.
Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO₄). Amadziwikanso kuti calcium monohydrogen phosphate, ili ndi mitundu itatu yamakristalo yomwe Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu chakudya ndipo amapezeka m'mazinyo otsukira mano. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachilengedwe imapangidwa ndimiyala ya impso komanso yotchedwa "mwala" wamano.
Monomagnesium phosphate (MgH₄P₂KAPENA₈). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati acidulant, acidity corrector kapena wothandizira pochiza ufa, Ndi mchere wonyezimira, wamchere wonyezimira, wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira chakudya.
Sodium diacetate (NaH [C₂H₃KAPENA₂]₂). Mchere uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonunkhira komanso chothandizira kuteteza chakudya, kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa mawonekedwe a bowa ndi ma microbacteria, onse muzinthu zopaka zingwe monga nyama ndi m'mafakitale.
Calcium bicarbonate (Ca [HCO₃]₂). Mchere wa hydrogenated womwe umachokera ku calcium carbonate, womwe umapezeka mumchere monga miyala yamiyala, marble ndi ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupezeka kwa madzi ndi CO₂, kotero zimatha kuchitika zokha m'mapanga ndi m'mapanga okhala ndi calcium yambiri.
Rubidium acid fluoride (RbHF). Mchere uwu umapezeka chifukwa cha hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen ndi fluorine X) ndi Rubidium, chitsulo cha alkali. Zotsatira zake ndi mankhwala owopsa omwe amayenera kusamalidwa..
Monoammonium mankwala ([NH₄] H₂PO₄). Mchere wosungunuka wamadzi womwe umapangidwa ndi zomwe amoniya ndi phosphoric acid, zimafalikira Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza popeza amapatsa nthaka nayitrogeni ndi fosforasi michere yofunikira kuti mbewu zikule. Imeneyi ndi mbali ya ufa wa ABC wozimitsa moto.
Nthaka hydrogen orthoborate(Zn [HBO₃]). Mchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo komanso monga chowonjezera pakupanga zoumbaumba.
Monosodium mankwala (NaH₂PO₄). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka muma laboratories, monga "gawo lotetezedwa”Kapena njira yothetsera, yomwe imalepheretsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu pH yankho.
Potaziyamu hydrogen phthalate (KHP). Amatchedwanso potaziyamu acid phthalate, ndi mchere wolimba komanso wolimba mumlengalenga wamba, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muyeso woyamba pamiyeso ya pH. Imathandizanso ngati chothandizira mu zimachitikira mankhwala.