Zigwa

Zamkati

• Kufunika kwa zigwa
• Zitsanzo za zigwa
• Mitundu ya zigwa

A chigwa Ndilo gawo linalake ladziko lomwe limadziwika ndikuwonetsa chigwa chodziwika bwino kapena zolakwika pang'ono pamalopo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati mapiri. Zidikha zimapezeka pansi pa 200 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Komabe, kuli madambo kumapiri.

• Onaninso: Zitsanzo za mapiri, mapiri ndi zigwa

Kufunika kwa zigwa

Mwambiri, zigwa zimakonda kukhala dothi lomwe limabereka kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa mbewu komanso kudyetsa ziweto.

Komabe, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga misewu kapena njanji, chifukwa chake amakhala malo omwe anthu amakhala.

Zitsanzo za zigwa

1. Chigwa cha Eastern Europe - Chigwa chosungidwa
2. Dera la Pampas - Chigwa chosungidwa
3. Chigwa cha Dōgo (Japan) - Chigwa chosungidwa
4. Chigwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja cha Valencian - Chigwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja
5. Chigwa cha Gulf Coastal - Chigwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja
6. Basas, Nova Scotia (Canada) - Chigwa cha Tidal
7. Chongming Dongtan Chilengedwe (Shanghai) - Chigwa cha Tidal
8. Nyanja Yakuda (Korea) - Chigwa cha Tidal
9. San Francisco Bay (USA) - Chigwa cha Tidal
10. Doko la Tacoma (USA) - Chigwa cha Tidal
11. Cape Cod Bay (USA) - Chigwa cha Tidal
12. Nyanja ya Wadden (Netherlands, Germany ndi Denmark) - Chigwa cha Tidal
13. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Iceland - Chigwa cha Sandur
14. Alaskan ndi Canada tundra kumpoto kwa hemisphere - Chigwa cha Tundra
15. Grasslands ku Argentina, kumwera kwa Africa, Australia ndi pakati pa Eurasia - Madera

Mitundu ya zigwa

Mitundu yachigwa imatha kugawidwa malingana ndi mtundu wa maphunziro kuti awa:

1. Zigwa zomanga. Ndi malo omwe sanasinthidwe kwambiri ndi kukokoloka kwa mphepo, madzi, madzi oundana, chiphalaphala, kapena kusintha kwanyengo.
2. Madambo okokoloka. Ndi zigwa zomwe, monga mawu akuwonetsera, zidakokoloka ndi madzi (mphepo kapena madzi oundana) munthawi ina, ndikupanga malo athyathyathya.
3. Zigwa zonyamula. Ndiwo madambo omwe adapangidwa ndikukhazikika kwa zidutswa zomwe zidatengedwa ndi mphepo, mafunde, madzi oundana, ndi zina zambiri.

Kutengera mtundu wa mayikidwe, chigwa chikhoza kukhala:

• Chigwa cha Lava. Chigwa chikapangidwa ndi zigawo za chiphalaphala chamoto.
• Chigwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena cham'mbali. Amapezeka pagombe la nyanja.
• Chigwa cha Tidal. Mitundu yamitunduyi imapangidwa dothi likakhala ndi dothi kapena mchenga wambiri, zomwe zimamasulira kunena kuti ndi dothi losasefukira mosavuta. Iwo ndi zigwa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chinyezi.
• Madambo a glacial. Amapangidwa ndi kuyenda kwa madzi oundana, motero amapanga zigwa zamtunduwu. Kenako, atha kugawidwa m'magulu:
  • Sandar kapena sandur. Ndi mtundu wa chigwa cha glacial chomwe chimapangidwa ndimadontho ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zambiri imakoka malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi nthambi zazing'ono zamitsinje yachisanu.
  • Glacial plain wa mpaka. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kudzikundikira kwa matalala ambiri.

• Chigwa cha Abyssal. Ndi chigwa chomwe chimapangidwa pansi pa nyanja, kusanatsike kapena kuphompho.

Kumbali inayi, mtundu wina wam'chigwa umadziwikanso kutengera nyengo kapena zomera kuti:

• Chigwa cha Plain. Ndi chigwa chopanda mitengo. Ikutidwa ndi ndere ndi moss. Amapezeka makamaka kumadera ozizira.
• Chigwa chouma. Ndi madambo komwe kumagwa mvula pang'ono.
• Madera. Pali zomera zambiri kuposa tundra kapena m'chigwa chouma, komabe mvula imapitilizabe kuchepa.