Zamkati
Pulogalamu yama hydride Ndiwo mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza ma atomu a haidrojeni mumolekyulu yawo (momwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, -1) ndi maatomu azinthu zina zilizonse pagome la periodic.
Magulu atatu a ma hydride amadziwika:
- Zachitsulo: Ndiwo omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zamchere zamchere ndi zamchere, ndiye kuti, ndi zomwe zili kumanzere kwa tebulo la zinthu. Ndiwo mankhwala osasunthika omwe amawonetsa kuchita. Hydrojeni imapezeka mwa iwo ngati hydride ion H¯. Pakati pa gululi ndizotheka kusiyanitsa ma hydride omwe amapanga zitsulo zamagetsi (kuchokera pagulu 1 ndi 2); ma hydride awa nthawi zambiri amatchedwa saline hydrides. Ma saline ma hydride nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera kapena otuwa otsekemera omwe amapezeka mwa chitsulo chachitsulo ndi hydrogen kutentha kwambiri.
- Ma hydride osakhazikika kapena osakhala achitsulo:ndi omwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosakhala zachitsulo koma zopanda mphamvu zamagetsi, makamaka, ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, boron, kaboni ndi silicon: onsewa amalandira mayina enieni, kupitirira dzina lodziwika; onse ndi ma metalloid kapena zitsulo zochokera p block. Amatha kutchedwanso ma hydride am'magulu kapena ma covalent, chifukwa ali ndi mgwirizano wolimba. Amapanga mchere wazinthu zina. Silane, ma hydride mgululi, ali ndi chidwi chowonjezeka pamtengo wopanga ma nanoparticles.
- Ma hydride a hydrogen:(amatchedwanso hydracids) amafanana ndi kuphatikiza kwa hydrogen ndi halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine kapena ayodini) kapena ndi antigen element (oxygen, sulfure, selenium, tellurium); Pachifukwa chotsirizira ichi ndi pamene hydrogen imagwira ndi nambala yake yokwanira (1) ndipo chinthu china ndi chomwe chimagwira ndi nambala ya okosijeni (-1 mu halogens, -2 mu amphogens).
Zitsanzo za ma hydride
- Sodium hydride (NaH)
- Phosphine (PH3)
- Barium hydride (BaH2)
- Chinyama (Bi2S3)
- Ma hydride a permanganic (MnH7)
- Amoniya (NH3)
- Zamgululi (AsH3)
- Stibinite kapena antimonite
- Asidi a Hydrobromic (HBr)
- Borano (BH3)
- Mankhwala (CH4)
- Wichita (SiH₄)
- Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- Asidi Hydrochloric (HCl)
- Pamphero hydride (FeH3)
- Hydroiodic acid (HI)
- Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Selenhydric asidi (H2Se)
- Asidi Tellurhydric (H2Te)
- Lifiyamu hydride (LiH)
Ntchito hydrides
Mwa zina zama hydride titha kunena za Ma desiccants ndi othandizira, zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero oyera a haidrojeni.
Calcium hydride imathandiza kwambiri ngati organic zosungunulira kuyanika wothandizila. Sodium hydride imafunika kusamala poigwira, chifukwa imachita mwamphamvu ndi madzi ndipo imatha kuyatsa.
Moto ukachitika chifukwa cha kuyatsa kwa hydride iyi, osagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti ayimitse, chifukwa akanatulutsa malawi ambiri. Moto uwu uzimitsidwa ndi zozimira moto wa ufa.
