Miyezo yaumisiri

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• Zitsanzo za miyezo yaukadaulo

Pulogalamu yamiyezo luso ndi zikalata zingapo zoperekedwa ndi bungwe loyang'anira pa nkhani inayake, kuti ikwaniritse kapena kukakamiza zomasulira apadera pakukula ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo, chitukuko cha zinthu kapena kupereka ntchito zofunikira.

Miyezo yaukadaulo imagwira ntchito pagulu ngati malangizo okhazikika, Kuyika ndondomeko ndikuteteza zofuna za anthu, kutengera zoyipa, kuchita bwino, zabwino kapena zachitetezo. Ntchito yake yomaliza idzakhala, makamaka, kukhazikitsa (kuphweka, kuphatikiza, kufotokozera) za njira zowayang'anira bwino ndikukula kwamakhalidwe.

Nthawi zambiri malamulo Atha kukhala ndi gawo ladziko lonse kapena lapadziko lonse lapansi, kutengera kukula kwa bungwe lomwe limawatsatsa kapena mapangano pankhani yomwe yachitika pakati pa mayiko. Mwanjira imeneyi iwo ali malamulo a bomandiye kuti, zoperekedwa ndi oyang'anira.

Pamene, m'malo mwake, zikhalidwe zimachokera ku kusiyana kwachikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi kufunikira, zimawerengedwa malamulo osadziwika. Izi zitha kukhalanso zovomerezeka, bola ngati sizikutsutsana ndi malingaliro amalamulo aboma.

Akuluakulu amabungwewa padziko lonse lapansi ndi ISO (Bungwe Ladziko Lonse Lokhazikika).

Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Miyezo Yabwino

Zitsanzo za miyezo yaukadaulo

1. ISO 9000. Cholimbikitsidwa ndi Bungwe Ladziko Lonse Lokhazikika (ISO) monga zam'mbuyomu, ndi angapo pamiyeso yoyendetsera muyeso wabwino pakupanga, kupanga, kukhazikitsa, ntchito, kuyendera, kuyesa ndi kuwongolera njira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, zomwe cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa ndikugwirizanitsa Njira zovomerezera ndi dzina lanu okhawo omwe akwaniritsa zofunikira ndi kutchulidwa.
2. ISO 1000. Poyesera kutchula Mayiko Amitundu Yonse, mayikidwe a ISO awa amafotokoza dzina lomwe limatchulidwa kuti mayunitsi, mayunitsi owonjezera, ndi mayunitsi omwe atengedwa, kuyimitsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka manambala oyamba, zizindikilo, ndi manambala pakumvetsetsa kwamunthu.
3. ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Pafupifupi Nambala Yapadziko Lonse Yapadziko Lonse, ndichizindikiro chapadera cha mabuku omwe amafalitsidwa kulikonse padziko lapansi komanso opangira malonda. Chiyambi chake chidayambira ku 1966 ku United Kingdom, pomwe oyimilira a W. H. Smith adachigwiritsa ntchito pozindikira ndi kupanga mndandanda wazinthu zawo, ndipo kuyambira 1970 adalandiridwa ngati njira yosindikiza yapadziko lonse lapansi.
4. ISSN (Nambala Yowerengeka Yapadziko Lonse). Monga ISBN, ndi Nambala Yodziwika Yodziwika Padziko Lonse yazolemba, monga mabuku azaka, magazini, ndi manyuzipepala. Mulingo uwu umalola kusanja magawo ndikupewa zolakwika pakulemba pamitu kapena kumasulira, zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri pamabuku azakale komanso zamanyuzipepala.
5. MPEG2 (Kupita Gulu la Akatswiri Pazithunzi). Ili ndi dzina lomwe liperekedwa kwa zikhalidwe ndi miyezo yakulemba mawu ndi makanema otsimikizidwa ndi Gulu la Akatswiri pa Zithunzi Zosunthira (MPEG), lofalitsidwa muyezo wa ISO 13818. Njira zamakono za lamuloli zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Digital Terrestrial Televizioni, kudzera pa satellite kapena chingwe, komanso ma DVD a SVCD ndi DVD.
6. Ma foni a 3GPP. Awa ndi magawo angapo amtokoma omwe akonzedwa ndi Ntchito Yothandizira Mgwirizano Wachitatu (Third Generation Association Project), yomwe njira yake yoyamba inali yopanga makina azamtokoma apadziko lonse lapansi (3G), kutengera zomwe zakwaniritsidwa ndi GSM yapitayi komanso pamalingaliro a ITU (International Telecommunications Union). Masiku ano miyezo imeneyi imakhudza mitundu ina yolumikizirana monga ma wailesi komanso maukonde apakati, chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu ndikofunikira.
7. ISO 22000. Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kwa ISO, koperekedwa kuchithandizo ndi kasamalidwe ka chakudya, nthawi zonse kumaganizira za chitetezo cha ogula ndi anthu pakupanga, kusamalira ndi kugawa zakudya za ogula. Lili ndi zodzitetezera zonse zofunikira ndikuzilingalira kuti chinthu chikutsimikiziridwa ndi ISO, chomwe chimatsimikizira kuthekera kwake.
8. Umwini. Poyambira kwake, Umwini Wopangidwa ndi boma la United States, sichinali china koma chongotetezera mamapu, ma chart ndi mabuku omwe amalepheretsa kubereka kwawo mosavomerezeka popanda wolemba. Koma kuyambira zaka za m'ma 50 idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo idakhala mbiri yodziwika bwino komanso yotchuka kwambiri, kuteteza mphamvu zenizeni za wolemba (ndi olowa m'malo mwake) pazolengedwa zake kufikira nthawi ina atamwalira (zanenedwa zaka 50) .
9. Chilolezo Chachilengedwe. Pomwe amachokera ku America, malamulo awa amatsata njira zopangira zopanda nzeru komanso luso, kuwonetsetsa kuti aziyenda mwaulere molingana ndi malangizo omwe wolemba adalemba, omwe amaphatikizapo ufulu wofunsira ndi kufalitsa, nthawi zina ngakhale kusintha, koma osati kugulitsa kapena kugwiritsira ntchito malonda.
10. Colombian technical Standard NTC 4595-4596. Mwachiwonekere akugwira ntchito, lamuloli lomwe lakhazikitsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ku Colombia limayang'anira kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kantchito kwa nyumba zatsopano zamaphunziro, kuonetsetsa kuti sukuluyo ikuyenda bwino komanso miyezo yofunikira yapadziko lonse pomanga sukulu kapena koleji.kapena kusintha ndikukonzanso zomwe zilipo kale.
11. Spanish technical Standard NTP 211. Mchitidwewu, komanso wadziko lonse, umayang'anira zochitika zokhudzana ndi kuyatsa kwa malo ogwirira ntchito ku Spain, poganizira zokolola, chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha magulu osiyanasiyana a omwe angathe kukhala ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.
12. Luso Lantchito Yazomwe Zili M'nyumba. Lamulo la National Institute of Statistics ndi Geography la Mexico State lomwe limakhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zakusamalira madera ndi kuphatikiza kwake pakupanga ndi kupanga zisankho. Kuyesera kukhazikitsa kulumikizana pankhaniyi mdziko lonse lapansi.
13. NTC COPEL. Mulingo waluso waku Brazil womwe umafotokoza zofunikira pazinthu zogwiritsira zamagetsi pamagetsi, zida, msonkhano wamagawo ogawa kapena ntchito yokonza pamaukonde omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amasankhidwa ndi COPEL, kampani yopanga upainiya ku Brazil pantchito yamagetsi komanso m'modzi mwa omwe amagawa magetsi ku Paraná.
14. Miyezo ya NTVO yaku Argentina. CRMT National Transportation Regulation Commission) ku Argentina imasunga malamulo angapo okhudza misewu ndi njanji ndi kuwongolera, kuyambira bungwe ladziko lonse ndikusunga njanji mpaka kuwunika kwa ntchito.
15. Maluso ndi Makhalidwe Abwino a Codex Alimentarius a World Trade Organisation(WTO). Monga momwe dzina lake limakhalira, mndandanda wazakudyawu umayesa kugwirizanitsa moyenerera njira zaukhondo komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chazakudya. Ndi gulu la miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti "Codex" yomwe imagwirizana ndi mabungwe azakudya ndi zaulimi apadziko lonse lapansi.