Zamkati
Pulogalamu yazamagetsi zamagetsi Ndi nthambi ya fizikiki yomwe imayandikira magetsi ndi maginito kuchokera ku chiphunzitso chogwirizanitsa, kuti apange chimodzi mwazinthu zinayi zofunikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse mpaka pano: electromagnetism. Mphamvu zina zazikuluzikulu (kapena kuyanjana kwakukulu) ndi mphamvu yokoka komanso kulumikizana kwamphamvu ndi kofooka kwanyukiliya.
Zomwe zamagetsi zamagetsi ndizophunzitsira zam'munda, ndiye kuti, kutengera kukula kwakuthupi chodula kapena wopondereza, zomwe zimadalira malo mlengalenga ndi nthawi. Ndizokhazikika pamiyeso inayi yosiyanitsa ma vekitala (yopangidwa ndi Michael Faraday ndipo idapangidwa koyamba ndi James Clerk Maxwell, ndichifukwa chake adabatizidwa ngati Kufanana kwa Maxwell) yomwe imalola kuphunzira kophatikizana zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi maginito, komanso magetsi, magetsi wamagetsi ndi maginito polarization.
Kumbali inayi, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi lingaliro lowonera.Izi zikutanthauza kuti imasanthula zochitika zazikulu zamagetsi zamagetsi, zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yambiri ndi mtunda wotalikirapo, chifukwa pamatomu a ma atomiki ndi ma molekyulu zimapereka njira ina, yotchedwa quantum mechanics.
Ngakhale zili choncho, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwazaka za zana la makumi awiri, kufunafuna malingaliro ochulukirapo a kulumikizana kwamagetsi kunachitika, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
- Onaninso: Zipangizo zamaginito
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi
Munda wa fizikiki wakhala wofunikira pakukhazikitsa njira zambiri zamatekinoloje, makamaka uinjiniya ndi zamagetsi, komanso kusungira magetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'malo azaumoyo, ndege kapena zomangamanga.
Zomwe zimatchedwa Second Industrial Revolution kapena Technological Revolution sizikanatheka popanda magetsi ndi maelekitiroma.
Zitsanzo zakugwiritsa ntchito kwamagetsi pamagetsi
- Zitampu. Makina azida za tsiku ndi tsikuzi amaphatikiza kufalitsa kwa magetsi kudzera pamagetsi yamagetsi, yomwe maginito ake amakopa nyundo yaying'ono yachitsulo kulunjika belu, kusokoneza dera ndikulilola kuti liyambirenso, kotero nyundo imaligunda mobwerezabwereza ndikupanga mawu omwe amatigwira.
- Masitima oyimitsa maginito. M'malo mozungulira njanji ngati sitima wamba, mtundu wa sitimayi wopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri umachitika chifukwa cha maginito amagetsi omwe adayikidwa kumunsi kwake. Chifukwa chake, kunyansidwa kwamagetsi pakati pa maginito ndi chitsulo cha papulatifomu pomwe sitima imayendapo kumapangitsa kulemera kwa galimotoyo mlengalenga.
- Zosintha zamagetsi. Chosinthira, zida zama cylindrical zomwe m'maiko ena timaziwona pamizere yamagetsi, zimathandizira kuwongolera (kuwonjezera kapena kutsitsa) mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthira pano. Amachita izi kudzera pama coil omwe amakhala mozungulira pachitsulo, pomwe magetsi amagetsi amalola kuti zomwe zikutuluka zizisinthidwa.
- Magalimoto amagetsi. Magalimoto amagetsi ndi makina amagetsi omwe, potembenuka mozungulira olamulira, amasintha mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala zamagetsi. Mphamvu imeneyi ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuyenda kwa mafoni. Kugwira kwake ntchito kumadalira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zokopa ndikunyansidwa pakati pa maginito ndi koyilo yomwe magetsi amayendera.
- Dynamos. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupendekera kwa magudumu amgalimoto, monga galimoto, kusinthasintha maginito ndikupanga maginito omwe amapatsa mphamvu zotsutsana ndi ma coil.
- Telefoni. Matsenga kuseri kwa chida cha tsiku ndi tsiku ichi si china koma kutha kusintha mafunde amawu (monga mawu) kukhala mawonekedwe amagetsi amagetsi omwe amatha kupititsidwa, koyamba ndi chingwe, kwa wolandila kumapeto ena omwe amatha kutsanulira kukonza ndikuchotsa pamafunde amagetsi pamagetsi.
- Mauvuni a microwave. Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito kuyambira pakupanga ndi mafunde amagetsi pamagetsi pachakudya. Mafundewa ndi ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana ndi wailesi, koma ndimafupipafupi omwe amasinthitsa ma diplode (maginito) azakudya mothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa amayesera kuti agwirizane ndi maginito omwe amabwera chifukwa chake. Kuyenda uku ndikomwe kumapangitsa kutentha.
- Kujambula kwa maginito (MRI). Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pamagetsi kwakhala kopitilira muyeso pazinthu zathanzi, chifukwa zimaloleza kuyang'anitsitsa mkati mwa thupi la zamoyo, kuchokera pamagetsi amagetsi a maatomu a haidrojeni omwe ali mmenemo, kuti apange gawo kumasuliridwa ndi makompyuta apadera.
- Maikolofoni Zipangizozi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha diaphragm yokopeka ndi ma elekitiroma, omwe mphamvu yake pamafunde amaloleza kuti amasuliridwe ngati chizindikiro chamagetsi. Izi zitha kupitsidwanso ndikuchotsedwa kutali, kapena kusungidwa ndikupanganso pambuyo pake.
- Ma spectrometers ambiri. Ndi chida chomwe chimalola kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ena ake kuti awunikidwe bwino kwambiri, kutengera kupatula kwa maatomu omwe amawapanga, pogwiritsa ntchito ionization yawo ndikuwerenga ndi kompyuta yapadera.
- Ma Oscilloscopes. Zida zamagetsi zomwe cholinga chake ndikuimira mawonekedwe amagetsi mosiyanasiyana munthawi yake, ochokera kwina. Kuti achite izi, amagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira pazenera lomwe mizere yawo ndi yopanga muyeso wama volti kuchokera pamagetsi amagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kuyeza ntchito za mtima, ubongo, kapena ziwalo zina.
- Makhadi maginito. Njira imeneyi imalola kukhalapo kwa makhadi a kirediti kapena kirediti, omwe ali ndi tepi yamaginito yolowetsedwa mwanjira inayake, kuti athe kubisa zambiri potengera mawonekedwe ake a ferromagnetic particles. Pobweretsa chidziwitso mwa iwo, zida zomwe zidasankhidwazo zimapangitsa kuti tizinthu tina tomwe tiziwoneka mwanjira inayake, kotero kuti dongosololi litha "kuwerengedwa" kuti lipeze uthengawo.
- Kusunga kwa digito pama matepi amagetsi. Chofunikira pa kompyuta ndi makompyuta, chimalola kusunga zidziwitso zambiri pamaginito disks omwe ma tinthu tina timatulutsidwa mwanjira inayake ndipo amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi makina apakompyuta. Ma disks atha kuchotsedwa, ngati zolembera zolembera kapena ma diski osatha, kapena atha kukhala okhazikika komanso ovuta, ngati ma hard drive.
- Ngoma zamaginito. Njira yosungira deta iyi, yotchuka m'ma 1950s ndi 1960, inali imodzi mwanjira zoyambirira zosungira maginito. Ndi cholembera chachitsulo chosanjikiza chomwe chimazungulira mofulumira kwambiri, chozunguliridwa ndi maginito (iron oxide) momwe uthengawo umasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yolekanitsa yolembedwa. Mosiyana ndi ma disc, analibe mutu wowerengera ndipo umawalola kukhala achangu pobweza chidziwitso.
- Magetsi a njinga. Magetsi omwe amakhala kutsogolo kwa njinga, omwe amayatsa poyenda, amagwira ntchito chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa gudumu lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi maginito, potembenuza kwake kumatulutsa mphamvu yamaginito motero ndimagetsi ochepa osinthira magetsi. Magetsi amtunduwu amapititsidwa ku babu ndikumasulira ndikuwala.
- Pitirizani ndi: Mapulogalamu amkuwa
