Zitsanzo za Zipembedzo

Zamkati

Mitundu yazipembedzo
Zitsanzo za zipembedzo

A chipembedzo ndi magulu azikhalidwe, zikhulupiliro komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziona bwino dziko lapansi komanso kulumikiza umunthu ndi lingaliro lopatulikakomanso osasintha nthawiMwanjira ina, amabweretsa lingaliro lakukula kwambiri pazochitikira zamoyo.

Zipembedzo zidatenga gawo lofunikira kumayambiriro kwachitukuko, kuyambira malamulo amakhalidwe abwino komanso ngakhale milandu nthawi zambiri imachokera kwa iwo, kudzera momwe moyo ndi lingaliro lantchito kapena cholinga chokhalira limamangidwa.

Akuyerekeza kuti alipo ozungulira Zipembedzo 4000 zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, iliyonse imakhala ndi miyambo yake yachakudya, malo ake opatulika, zizindikilo zake zachikhulupiriro ndi nthano zake komanso lingaliro laumulungu, wopatulika ndi Mulungu wake (kapena Milungu yake). Ambiri amati chikhulupiriro ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri, popeza ndi okakamira m'chilengedwe (amakhulupirira popanda kukayika) ndipo amasiyanitsa otsatira mfundo zake ndi akatswiri azikhulupiriro zina kapena, nawonso, okhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu kapena osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu.

Lingaliro ili limadzutsa chisangalalo cha chiyembekezo, kudzipereka, zachifundo ndi zabwino zina zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizokweza mwauzimu kapena kuwunikira, koma Adathandiziranso ngati malingaliro akumenya nkhondo zakupha, kuzunza, kusankhana komanso maboma, monga momwe zinalili ndi teokalase Yachikatolika mkati mwa nyengo Zakale za ku Ulaya ndi bwalo la Inquisition la “Malo Opatulikitsa”.

Pakadali pano akuti pafupifupi 59% yaanthu padziko lapansi ali ndi chipembedzoNgakhale anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zipembedzo zingapo kapena miyambo yazipembedzo zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi, mosasamala kanthu za miyambo yomwe amatsatira komanso ngati chikhulupiriro chawo chimaloleza kapena ayi. Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zoyimbira chikhalidwe syncretism.

Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Miyambo ndi Miyambo

Mitundu yazipembedzo

Mitundu itatu yaziphunzitso zachipembedzo imasiyanitsidwa kwambiri, malinga ndi malingaliro awo a Mulungu ndi aumulungu, omwe ndi awa:

Okhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi. Ili ndi dzina lomwe limaperekedwa kuzipembedzo zomwe zimavomereza kukhalako kwa Mulungu wapadera, Mlengi wa zinthu zonse, ndikuteteza chikhalidwe chawo komanso chikhalidwe chawo kukhala chenicheni komanso chowona. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi Chisilamu.
Amushirikina. M'malo mokhala Mulungu m'modzi, zipembedzozi zimakhazikitsa gulu la milungu yomwe amati ndiyo yolamulira mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo wamunthu komanso chilengedwe. Chitsanzo cha ichi chinali chipembedzo cha Agiriki akale achi Greek, omwe amapezeka m'mabuku awo olemera.
Amatsenga. Poterepa, zipembedzo zimatsimikizira kuti wopanga komanso chilengedwe, zonse zapadziko lapansi komanso zauzimu, ali ndi chinthu chofananira ndipo amayankha chinthu chimodzi kapena chilengedwe chonse. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi Chitao.
Osakhala ma theist. Pomaliza, zipembedzozi sizimapereka kukhalapo kwa omwe adalenga komanso zolengedwa, koma malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amalamulira uzimu wamunthu ndikukhalanso. Chibuda ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha izi.

Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Zochitika Pagulu

Chibuda. Poyamba kuchokera ku India, chipembedzo chopanda chipembedzochi nthawi zambiri chimapereka ziphunzitso zake kwa Gautama Buddha (Sidarta Gautama kapena Sakyamuni), wanzeru yemwe chiphunzitso chake chimafuna kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kudzimana ndi kusowa, ndikukhala mwamtendere. Chipembedzochi chinafalikira kudera lonse la Asia, ndichifukwa chake lero ndichipembedzo chachinayi chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, chokhala ndi otsatira 500 miliyoni m'njira ziwiri: Theravada ndi Mahayana. Ili ndi masukulu ambiri ndi matanthauzidwe, komanso miyambo ndi njira zowunikira, popeza ilibe Mulungu woweruza okhulupirika ake.
Chikatolika. Gulu lalikulu lachikhristu kumadzulo, lidakonzedwa mozungulira Mpingo wa Katolika wokhala ku Vatican ndikuyimiriridwa ndi Papa. Amafanana ndi Akhristu onse chikhulupiriro mwa Yesu Khristu monga mesiya ndi mwana wa Mulungu, ndipo akuyembekezera kubweranso kwake kwachiwiri, komwe kudzatanthauza kuweruzidwa komaliza ndi kutsogolera kwa okhulupirika ake ku chipulumutso chamuyaya. Malembo ake opatulika ndi The Bible (pangano latsopano komanso lakale). Mmodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi ndi Akatolika ndipo nawonso oposa theka la Akhristu padziko lapansi (oposa 1.2 biliyoni).
Anglicanism. Anglicanism ndi dzina la ziphunzitso zachikhristu ku England, Wales ndi Ireland pambuyo pakusintha komwe Chikatolika chidakumana nawo m'zaka za zana la 16 (chotchedwa Reformant Reformation). Mipingo ya Anglican imakhulupirira Baibulo, koma amakana tsogolo la mpingo waku Roma, motero amasonkhana mozungulira Bishopu Wamkulu wa Canterbury. Amadziwika chonse ngati Mgonero wa Anglican, kutsogolo kwa 98 miliyoni okhulupirika padziko lonse lapansi.
Chilutera. Wodziwika kuti gulu la Chiprotestanti, ndi mpatuko womwe umatsatira ziphunzitso za Martin Luther (1438-1546) pa chiphunzitso chachikhristu, chotchedwa Revolutionant Protestant, pomwe anali gulu loyamba kutuluka. Ngakhale kulibe kwenikweni mpingo wa Lutheran, koma gulu la mipingo yaulaliki, akuti chiwerengero chake cha otsatira chikufika 74 miliyoni mokhulupirika ndipo, monga Anglicanism, chimavomereza chikhulupiriro cha Yesu Khristu koma chimakana upapa ndi kufunikira kwa unsembe, popeza okhulupirika onse atha kuchita izi.
Chisilamu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zitatu zachipembedzo chimodzi, kuphatikiza Chikhristu ndi Chiyuda, chomwe cholembedwa chake ndi Koran ndi Muhammad mneneri wake. Ngakhale kuzindikira zolemba zina monga Torah ndi Mauthenga Abwino kuti ndi zopatulika, Chisilamu chimayang'aniridwa ndi ziphunzitso ( Sunna) za mneneri wake, kutengera kutanthauzira kwamitundu iwiri kotchedwa Shiite ndi Sunni. Akuyerekeza kuti pali Asilamu pafupifupi 1200 miliyoni padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi mafunde opitilira muyeso mu kulumikizana kwawo ndi mfundo zachipembedzo, zomwe zimapangitsa chipembedzo chachiwiri kukhala chokhulupirika kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chiyuda. Ili ndi dzina lomwe limaperekedwa kuchipembedzo cha anthu achiyuda, wamkulu mwa atatu opembedza Mulungu mmodzi, ngakhale anali m'modzi mwa anthu ochepa okhulupirika (pafupifupi 14 miliyoni). Zolemba zake ndi Torah, ngakhale kulibe malamulo amtunduwu, koma ndi gawo limodzi loti Chipangano Chakale cha Akhristu. Komabe, chipembedzo chachiyuda chimagwirizanitsa kukhulupirika kwawo monga chikhulupiriro, miyambo, komanso mtundu, kuwasiyanitsa kwambiri ndi ena onse.
Chihindu. Chipembedzo ichi chimakhala chachikulu ku India ndi Nepal, ndipo ndichachitatu chokhala ndi okhulupirika padziko lapansi: otsatira biliyoni imodzi. Ndiziphunzitso zosiyana, zogwirizana ndi dzina lomwelo, popanda woyambitsa mmodzi kapena bungwe lapakati, koma miyambo yambiri yotchedwa dharma. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Chihindu, monga Chiyuda, sichimayimira chikhulupiriro komanso chikhalidwe chathunthu, momwe kulambira milungu yambiri, kupembedza milungu yambiri komanso ngakhale kukayikira kuli ndi malo, popeza kulibe chiphunzitso chimodzi.
Chitao. Zoposa chipembedzo chokha, ndi nthanthi yanzeru yomwe imatsata ziphunzitso za wafilosofi waku China Lao Tse, yotengedwa m'buku la Tao Te King. Amaloza ku lingaliro la dziko lolamulidwa ndi magulu atatu: the yin (chabe mphamvu), ndi yang (mphamvu yogwira ntchito) ndi Mphaka (kuyanjanitsa mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ili nayo), ndipo munthuyo ayenera kulakalaka kuti agwirizane mkati. Mwanjira imeneyi, Chitao sichimatsatira malamulo kapena ziphunzitso zomwe okhulupirika ayenera kutsatira, koma mndandanda wazamalamulo.
Chishinto. Chipembedzo chopembedzachi chimachokera ku Japan ndipo chomwe chimalambiridwa ndi kami kapena mizimu yachilengedwe. Zina mwazochita zake ndi kukhulupirira mizimu, kupembedza makolo, ndipo ili ndi zolemba zochepa zoyambira, monga Shoku Nihongi kapena Kojiki, omaliza kukhala zolemba zakale. Ilibe milungu yotchuka kapena yapadera, kapena njira zopembedzera, ndipo inali chipembedzo chaboma mpaka 1945.
Santeria (Lamulo la Oshá-Ifá). Chipembedzochi chimachokera ku mgwirizano pakati pa Chikatolika cha ku Europe ndi chipembedzo chachiyoruba chochokera ku Africa, ndipo zidachitika mkati mwazikoloni zaku America momwe zikhalidwe zonse ziwirizi zidaponderezana. Ndi chipembedzo chodziwika bwino ku Latin America, Canary Islands komanso kupezeka ku Europe ndi North America, ngakhale kulumikizidwa ndi miyambo ya anthu aku Nigeria omwazikana ngati akapolo ndi dzanja logonjetsa ku Europe. Idasokonezedwa ndi malingaliro a Eurocentric, omwe awona kupembedza milungu yambiri ndi miyambo yake, yomwe nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuvina, kumwa mowa ndi kupereka nyama, kutsogolo kwa malamulo achikristu achipembedzo.