Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya matchulidwe Ndiwo mawu omwe alibe malingaliro okhazikika koma amatsimikizika molingana ndi momwe amalankhulira kapena zinthu zina zomwe zatchulidwa.
M'Chichewa, matchulidwe atha kukhala:
Mamasulidwe apadera (subject pronoun): ndi matchulidwe anu omwe amakhala ngati mutu wamkati mwa chiganizo. Ndiwo: Ine (ine), iwe (iwe, iwe, iwe, iwe), iye (iye), mkaziyo (iye), ndi (kuti), ife (ife), iwo (iwo).
Manenedwe ophatikizira (object pronouns): ndiwo mayina azolaula omwe amagwira ntchito ngati chinthu chachithunzi. Ndiwo: ine (ine), iwe (iwe, iwe), iye (iye), iye (iye), izo (izo), ife (ife) iwo (iwo)
Zizindikiro zosinkhasinkha (matchulidwe osinkhasinkha): amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe mutu ndi chinthucho ndi chimodzimodzi: inemwini (inemwini), inumwini (inemwini), mwiniwake (iyemwini), iyemwini (izo) mwiniwake (yemweyo), tokha (ife eni) , inumwini (inunso), iwowo (iwonso)
Maina osadziwika (mawu osadziwika): amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza chinthu chosadziwika. Mwachitsanzo wina (wina), china (china).
Matchulidwe Achibale (pronouns wachibale): onetsani ubale womwe uli mkati mwa chiganizo. Mwachitsanzo: that (which), who (who), whose (whose)
Maina achionetsero: amalowetsa mayina omwe akusonyeza ubale wapakati ndi wokamba nkhani. Izi ndi izi, izi, izi, izi, izo.
Maimidwe okhoza (matchulidwe akuti): awa ndi omwe amatanthauza china chake, kuwonetsa ubale wokhala nawo.
Maina okhalapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa dzina lomasulira ndi dzina. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kodi bukuli ndi la ndani? / Bukuli ndi la ndani?
- Ndi buku langa. / Ndi buku langa.
"Wanga" ndi dzina lomasulira ndipo "buku" ndiye dzina.
- Kodi bukuli ndi la ndani? / Bukuli ndi la ndani?
- Ndi zanga. / Ndi yanga.
"Zanga" m'malo mwa "bukhu langa".
Maina omwe ali nawo ndi awa:
- Zanga: zanga / zanga / zanga / zanga
- Zanu: zanu / zanu / zanu / zanu / zanu
- Zake: zake / zake / zake (zake)
- Zake: zanu / zanu / zanu / zanu (zake)
- Zake: zanu / zanu / zanu / zanu (kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda moyo kapena nyama)
- Zathu: Zathu / zathu / zathu / zathu
- Awo: anu / anu / anu / anu (awo)
Monga tingawonere, matchulidwe okhala ndi zinthu sasintha malinga ndi jenda kapena kuchuluka kwa zomwe ali nazo, koma amasintha kutengera amuna ndi akazi omwe ali nawo.
Zitsanzo za matchulidwe okhala ndi Chingerezi
- Kodi njinga iyi zanu? / Kodi njinga iyi ndi yanu?
- Nsapato zimenezo zanga. / Nsapato zimenezo ndi zanga.
- Osadya sangweji imeneyo, ndi zanga. / Osadya sangweji imeneyo, ndi yanga.
- Ngati foni yanu sikugwira ntchito, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zanga. / Ngati foni yanu sikugwira ntchito, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yanga.
- Tsitsi lanu ndi lokongola kuposa ake. / Tsitsi lanu ndi lokongola kuposa lake.
- Galimoto yanga idawonongeka kotero mchimwene wanga adati ndikhoza kubwereka ake. / Galimoto yanga idawonongeka kotero mchimwene wanga adati nditha kugwiritsa ntchito yake.
- Musawononge ndalama ngati sichoncho zanu. / Osamawononga ndalama ngati si zanu.
- Sally adati lingalirolo linali ake poyamba. / Sally adati malingalirowo anali ake poyamba.
- Ndikukuthokozani nonse, kupambana uku ndi kwanu. / Ndikukuthokozani nonse, kupambana uku ndi kwanu.
- Samadziwa kuti galimotoyo ndi zathu. / Sakudziwa kuti galimotoyo ndi yathu.
- Nyumba yanga ndi nyansi, mwina tiyenera kukumanako zanu. / Nyumba yanga ndi yosokonekera, mwina tikakumane kwanu.
- Ndimaganiza kuti wononga wagwa patebulo koma si wake. / Ndimaganiza kuti chopukusira ichi chagwera patebulopo, koma si chako.
- Amachokera mumzinda waukulu kwambiri kuposa zathu. / Amachokera mumzinda waukulu kwambiri kuposa wathu.
- Mphaka ndi ake. / Mphaka ndi wanu.
- Sindinatengepo kanthu komwe sikunali zanga. / Sindinatenge chilichonse chomwe sichinali changa.
- Kalabu yathu ilibe dziwe losambira, tiyenera kupita kwawo. / Kalabu yathu ilibe dziwe, tiyenera kupita kwawo.
- Palibe aliyense wa inu amene ayenera kuchita manyazi kubwerera kunyumba kwa makolo ake; nyumba ino idzakhalapobe zanu. / Palibe aliyense wa inu amene angazengereze kubwerera kunyumba ya makolo ake; nyumba ino idzakhala yanu nthawi zonse.
- Anati adakhala pampando wanga chifukwa amaganiza kuti adatero ake. / Iye adati adakhala pampando wanga chifukwa amaganiza kuti ndi wake.
- Chisankho ndi zawo. / Chisankho ndi chawo.
- Chifukwa chiyani mukuyankha zomwe zimayika pomwe mukudziwa zanga? / Chifukwa chiyani umayankha foni pomwe ukudziwa kuti ndi yanga?
- Sadzavomereza kuti vutoli ndilo ake. / Simudzavomereza konse kuti ndikulakwa kwanu.
- Amalowa m'nyumba mwanga momwemo ake. / Lowani mnyumba yanga ngati kuti ndi yake.
- Kupambana ndiko / Chigonjetso ndi chako.
- Akuti ndiwukhondo koma zonsezi ndizomwe zili ake. / Akuti ali waukhondo koma mavuto onsewa ndi ake.
- Mutha kuyesa kumutsimikizira, koma lingaliro ndilo ake. / Mutha kuyesa kumutsimikizira koma chisankho ndi chake.
- Ndikutha kudziwa ndi mtundu wapinki kuti foni iyi siyili ake. / Ndikhoza kuganiza kuchokera ku mtundu wa pinki kuti foni iyi si yake.
- Sindikukhulupirira kuti nyumba yokongolayi ndi zawo. / Sindikukhulupirira kuti nyumba yokongolayi ndi yawo.
- Kodi iyi ndi galimoto yanu? / Kodi iyi ndi galimoto yanu? // Inde, ndizo zathu. / Inde, ndi zathu.
- Ana anandiuza kuti galuyo anali zawo. / Ana adandiuza kuti galuyo ndi wawo.
- Chilichonse mnyumba muno ndi / Chilichonse mnyumba muno ndi chanu.
Kusiyana ndi ziganizo zomwe muli nazo
Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa matchulidwe kuchokera kuzinthu zomasulira mu Chingerezi. Omasulira omwe ali ndi izi ndi awa: anga, anu, ake, ake, ake, athu, athu.
Ngakhale ena (ndiye, ake) ali ofanana, magwiridwe awo ndi osiyana. Omasulira okhala nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi dzina:
- Ndi galu wake. / Ndi galu wako. (Chosankha chodalira: wake)
Mosiyana ndi izi, matchulidwe okhala nawo samasintha dzina.
- Ndi zake. / Ndi zanu. (Mawu akuti: ake)
Andrea ndi mphunzitsi wachilankhulo, ndipo pa akaunti yake ya Instagram amaphunzitsa payekha pavidiyo kuti muphunzire kulankhula Chingerezi.
