Magulu azinthu zachilengedwe

Zamoyo zonse zopezeka mkati mwamachitidwe omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mzake m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Izi zimatchedwa gulu lachilengedwe, lomwe lili ndi magawo awa:

• Aliyense. Amadziwikanso kuti gawo lamoyo, ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi likhale ndi luso loberekana. Munthu aliyense ayenera kusinthidwa mogwirizana ndi malo ake, ndipo amalumikizana mosiyanasiyana ndi ena (mgwirizano, mpikisano, kubereka, kulanda). Momwemonso, chilichonse mwazinthuzi chimatha kugawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana (moyo): kubadwa, kukula, kukhwima, ukalamba, imfa.
• Anthu. Anthu achilengedwe amatchedwa gulu lazamoyo zamtundu womwewo kapena anthu omwe amakhala mdera lomwelo. Njira zokhudzana ndi izi ndi izi: mutualism, mpikisano, parasitism, predation ndi kubereka (mating). Mwachitsanzo: gulu la akadyamsonga omwe amakhala pamalo omwewo.
• Gulu. Dera ndi gulu la anthu omwe amakhala nawo patsamba lomwelo kwakanthawi. Zinyama, mbewu kapena mitundu yonse iwiri ikhoza kukhala limodzi. Mwachitsanzo: azimfine ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga mapumu, akambuku, amphaka amtchire.
• Zachilengedwe. Zachilengedwe ndi danga momwe zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zimalumikizirana (zomera kapena nyama). Mosiyana ndi anthu ammudzi, m'zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimayanjana zimathandizana ndikupanga mphamvu ndikukonzanso chakudya. Chilengedwe chimadziyendetsa pawokha komanso chimakhala chokwanira, ndiye kuti, chimakhala ndi zinthu zodziyimira pawokha kuchokera kuzinthu zina zachilengedwe ndikupereka mitundu yake. Mulingo uwu uli ndi gawo la abiotic, ndiye kuti, silamoyo (mwachitsanzo: oxygen, madzi, carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni) ndi biotic ina, ndiye kuti, ili ndi moyo (mwachitsanzo: nyama ndi zomera).
• Biome. Biome ndi gulu lazachilengedwe lomwe limafanana wina ndi mnzake m'magawo awo abiotic komanso biotic. Mwachitsanzo: gawo la kontinentiyo komwe kumakhala nyengo zofananira ndi mitundu yofananira.
• Zachilengedwe. Chilengedwechi ndi gulu la ma biomes omwe amawonetsa kusiyana pakati pawo, komanso kufanana kwake. Dziko lapansi limadziwika kuti ndi chilengedwe, chomwe chimaphatikizapo nyengo zosiyanasiyana, nyanja zam'mlengalenga ndi makontinenti apadziko lapansi. Komanso chilengedwe chimatengedwa ngati mpweya wapansi padziko lapansi.

• Itha kukuthandizani: Zosiyanasiyana