Wolemba nkhani wodziwa zonse

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya wolemba nkhani
• Makhalidwe a wolemba nkhani wodziwa zonse
• Zitsanzo za wolemba nkhani wodziwa zonse

Pulogalamu ya wolemba nkhani zonse ndi amene amafotokoza akudziwa zonse zomwe zimachitika: zochita, malingaliro ndi zolimbikitsa za otchulidwa.

Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chonsechi, wolemba nkhani wodziwikiratu sali gawo la nkhaniyi, ndiye kuti siwanthu.

• Ikhoza kukuthandizani: Wofotokozera munthu woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu

Mitundu ya wolemba nkhani

Kuphatikiza pa wolemba nkhani wodziwa zonse, pali mitundu itatu ya wofotokozera, kutengera momwe amaonera:

• Wowonerera. Ndi wolemba nkhani wachitatu yemwe amangofotokoza zomwe zingawoneke. Simukudziwa malingaliro kapena malingaliro a otchulidwa kuposa zomwe amafotokoza.
• Woteteza. Protagonist wa zochitikazo akunena nkhani yake. Nthawi zambiri amakhala wolemba mbiri ya munthu woyamba chifukwa amalankhula za iyemwini. Komabe, amagwiritsanso ntchito munthu wachitatu momwe amatha kufotokozera zomwe zimachitika momuzungulira. Wofotokozera wamkulu samadziwa zomwe otchulidwa ena amaganiza kapena kumverera.
• Mboni. Wofotokozera ndi munthu wachiwiri, yemwe sachita zazikulu. Kudziwa kwake ndi kwa wina yemwe akuchita nawo zochitikazo, koma ngati mboni yachiwiri.

Makhalidwe a wolemba nkhani wodziwa zonse

• Gwiritsani ntchito munthu wachitatu.
• Aulula ndi kuwonetsa zomwe anthu akuchita komanso zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira iwo.
• Malingaliro amaakaunti, zokumbukira, zolinga, komanso momwe akumvera.
• Nthawi zina zimayembekezera zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo.
• Dziwani zam'mbuyomu zamalo ndi otchulidwa.

Zitsanzo za wolemba nkhani wodziwa zonse

1. “Mafoni", Roberto Bolaños

Usiku wina atakhala kuti alibe chochita, B amatha, atamuyimbira foni kawiri, kuti alumikizane ndi X. Palibe m'modzi mwa iwo ali achichepere ndipo zikuwoneka m'mawu awo omwe amadutsa Spain kuchokera kumapeto ena. Ubwenzi umabadwanso ndipo patatha masiku ochepa asankha kuti adzakumanenso. Onse awiri amakoka zisudzulo, matenda atsopano, zokhumudwitsa.

B akakwera sitima kupita ku tawuni ya X, samakondanabe. Tsiku loyamba lomwe amakhala atatsekeredwa m'nyumba ya X, akukambirana za miyoyo yawo (kwenikweni ndi X yemwe amalankhula, B amamvetsera ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amafunsa); usiku X amamuyitana kuti adzagone naye pabedi. B pansi samamva ngati kugona ndi X, koma amavomereza. M'mawa, atadzuka, B akukondananso.

1. “Mpira wosakhazikika”Guy de Maupassant

Patatha masiku angapo, ndikuopa kuyambika kudatha, bata lidabwezeretsedwa. M'nyumba zambiri wapolisi wa ku Prussian ankadyera limodzi. Ena, chifukwa cha ulemu kapena kukhudzika mtima, adamva chisoni ndi aku France ndipo adalengeza kuti sakufuna kukakamizidwa kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo. Anayamikiridwa chifukwa cha ziwonetserozi, ndipo amaganiza kuti chitetezo chawo chidzafunika nthawi ina. Ndi kutamandidwa, mwina amapewa chisokonezo komanso kuwononga malo ogona ambiri.

Nchiyani chikadatsogolera kuvulaza amphamvu, omwe amadalira iwo? Anali wamanyazi kuposa wokonda dziko lako. Ndipo kusasamala sikulakwa kwa bourgeois wapano wa Rouen, monga momwe zidalili m'masiku achitetezo achitetezo, omwe adalemekeza komanso kupukuta mzindawu. Zinalingaliridwa - kubisala mu chivalry yaku France - kuti sizingayesedwe ngati chamanyazi kusamalira kwambiri kunyumba, pomwe pagulu aliyense sanasamalire msirikali wakunja. Mumsewu, ngati kuti sakudziwana; Koma kunyumba zinali zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo amamuchitira mwanjira yoti amasunga wachijeremani wawo kuti azisangalala kunyumba, monga banja, usiku uliwonse.

1. “Phwando"Julio Ramón Ribeyro

Limenelo linali tchuthi, adatuluka ndi mkazi wake kupita pakhonde kuti akalingalire za munda wake wowunikiridwa ndikutseka tsiku losaiwalika ndi maloto abwino. Malowa, akuwoneka kuti atayika, chifukwa kulikonse komwe adayang'ana, Don Fernando adadziwona yekha, adadziwona atavala jekete, mumtsuko, akusuta ndudu, ndi zokongoletsera zakumbuyo komwe (monga m'makalata ena okopa alendo ) anasokoneza zipilala za mizinda inayi yofunika kwambiri ku Europe. Kutali kwambiri, pangodya yake chimera, adawona njanji ikubwera kuchokera m'nkhalangoyo ndi magaleta ake atanyamula golide. Ndipo paliponse, akusunthira komanso kuwonekera poyera ngati fanizo lachiwerewere, adawona chithunzi chachikazi chokhala ndi miyendo ya coconut, chipewa cha marquise, maso a Wachitahiti ndipo palibe chilichonse cha mkazi wake.

Patsiku la phwandolo, oyamba kubwera anali opusa. Kuyambira 5 koloko masana adayikidwa pakona, kuyesera kusunga chinsinsi chomwe zipewa zawo zidapereka, machitidwe awo opitilira muyeso komanso koposa zonse zaupandu zomwe ofufuza, azinsinsi komanso onse amene amachita ntchito zachinsinsi.

1. “El Capote", Nicolás Gogol

Mayi wogwirayo anapatsidwa chisankho pakati pa mayina atatu: Mokkia, Sossia, ndi wofera Josdasat. "Ayi," adayankhula yekha mayi wodwalayo. Ndi mayina ochepa bwanji! Ayi! " Kuti amusangalatse, iwo analemba kabuku kakale, komwe panalembedwa mayina ena atatu, Trifiliy, Dula, ndi Varajasiy.

"Koma zonsezi zikuwoneka ngati chilango chenicheni!" adakuwa amayi. Ndi maina ati! Sindinamvepo zoterezi! Akadakhala kuti ndi Varadat kapena Varuj; koma Trifiliy kapena Varajasiy!

Anatembenuza pepala lina la almanac ndipo mayina a Pavsikajiy ndi Vajticiy adapezeka.

-Ndibwino; Ndikuwona, "adatero mayi wokalambayo," kuti awa ayenera kukhala mathero ake. Chabwino, ndibwino kuti utchulidwe pambuyo pa abambo ako. Akakiy amatchedwa bambo; kuti mwanayo amatchedwanso Akakiy.

Ndipo kotero dzina loti Akakiy Akakievich lidapangidwa. Mwanayo anabatizidwa. Pa nthawi ya sacramenti analira ndikupanga nkhope zoterozo, ngati kuti akumva kuti akhala phungu wodziwika. Ndipo ndi momwe zinthu zinachitikira. Tanena izi kuti zitsimikizire owerenga kuti zonse ziyenera kuchitika motere ndikuti sizikanakhala zotheka kuzipatsa dzina lina.

1. “Wosambira", A John Cheever

Inali imodzi yamasabata apakati pa chilimwe pomwe aliyense amabwereza, "Ndamwa kwambiri usiku watha." Adanong'onezana ndi akhristu akuchoka kutchalitchiko, zimamveka kuchokera kwa wansembe wa parishiyo pomwe amachotsa chovala chawo m'sakiti, komanso malo owonera gofu komanso mabwalo amatebulo, komanso malo osungira zachilengedwe komwe wamkulu Gulu la Audubon anali kuvutika ndi zotsatira za matsire owopsa.

"Ndidamwa kwambiri," adatero a Donald Westerhazy.
"Tonse tidamwa kwambiri," Lucinda Merrill anali kunena.
"Ayenera kuti anali vinyo," adalongosola a Helen Westerhazy. Ndidamwa kwambiri claret.

Makonzedwe azokambirana zomalizazi anali m'mphepete mwa dziwe la Westerhazy, lomwe madzi ake, ochokera pachitsime chaluso chokhala ndi chitsulo chambiri, anali ndi mtundu wofewa wobiriwira. Nyengo inali yabwino kwambiri.

• Onaninso: Zolemba

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