Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya pH ndichidule chomwe chimayimira kuthekera kwa haidrojeni, ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati muyeso wa acidity kapena kufanana kwa a kusungunuka, kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma hydronium ions omwe amapezeka mu yankho.
Zimasonyezedwa kuti Pali kulumikizana kwathunthu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa hydrogen ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity ya zinthuZida zamphamvu zimakhala ndi ma hydrogen ions ochulukirapo, pomwe ma asidi ofooka amakhala otsika kwambiri.
Masamu, pH Amatanthauzidwa kuti ndi logarithm yolembetsanso zochitika za hydrogen ion mu yankho. Ntchito ya logarithm imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulinganiza zomwe zikuchitika, kuti nambala ikhale ndi tanthauzo mwa iyo yokha. Sikeloyo idayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wazamankhwala Sorenson, yemwe adamupatsa dzina lonse mpaka 1924.
Pulogalamu ya pH yayikidwa pakati pa nambala 0 ndi 14: 0 ndiye kutha kwa asidi, pomwe 14 ndiko kumapeto kwa zamchere. Nambala 7, wapakatikati, ndiomwe amadziwika kuti pH.
Monga momwe anayeza?
Muyeso wa pH, mankhwala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ndi Litmus pepala. Ndiudindo womwe amasintha mtundu wake kutengera yankho lomwe amizidwa.
Zinthu zamchere kwambiri zimapangitsa pepala kukhala pinki, pomwe zofunikira kwambiri zimapangitsa kuti lisanduke buluu. Ena mwa mapepala amtunduwu amakhala ndi zolembedwazo, kuti aliyense amene angawagwiritse ntchito atha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni mosavuta ndi utoto.
Komabe, ntchito ya Litmus siyothandiza kwenikweni, ndipo ngati siyothandiza, chida chotchedwa pH mita, kachipangizo kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala poyesa pH yankho. Pamenepo, khungu la muyeso wa pH limapangidwa ndi maelekitirodi awiri, imodzi yopangidwa ndi calomel ina yopangidwa ndi galasi: mita iyi ndi voltmeter yovuta kwambiri, ndipo maelekitirodi olumikizidwa ndi iyo amapanga magetsi akamizidwa mumayankho.
Zitsanzo za pH yazinthu zina
| Madzi a mandimu (pH 2) | Madzi a lalanje (pH 4) |
| Msuzi wam'mimba (pH 1) | Mowa (pH 5) |
| Chotsukira (pH 10.5) | Amoniya (pH 12) |
| Madzi a sopo (pH 9) | Bleach (pH 13) |
| Madzi am'nyanja (pH 8) | Soda wa pola (pH 3) |
| Madzi a laimu (pH 11) | Hydrochloric acid (pH 0) |
| Mkaka wa Magnesia (pH 10) | Battery (pH 1) |
| Khungu la munthu (pH 5.5) | Sodium hydroxide (pH 14) |
| Mkaka (pH 6) | Madzi oyera (pH 7) |
| Vinyo woŵaŵa (pH 3) | Magazi (pH 8) |
Kodi mungasunge bwanji pH nthawi zonse?
Nthawi zina njira ya labotore imafunikira kukonzekera ndikusunga yankho ndi pH nthawi zonse. Kuteteza njirayi ndi kovuta kuposa kukonzekera kwake, chifukwa ikakhudzana ndi mpweya imatenga mpweya woipa ndipo imayamba kukhala acidic, ngakhale ikasungidwa mu chidebe chagalasi imakhala yamchere kwambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zosafunika zimachotsedwa pagalasi.
Pulogalamu ya njira zothetsera ndi omwe amatha kusunga pH yawo kuti isakhazikike motsutsana ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa zidulo kapena mabesi wamphamvu.
Mayankho amtunduwu amakonzedwa ndi asidi wofooka komanso mchere wa asidi womwewo, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito maziko ofooka komanso mchere womwewo. Ngakhale Maselo azinthu zamoyo ayenera kukhala ndi pH pafupifupi, ya zochita za enzymatic ndi kagayidwe kachakudya.
Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Acids ndi Maziko
