Zitsanzo za Zipangizo za Ductile - Encyclopedia

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Zitsanzo za zida za ductile
Amatha kukutumikirani

Pulogalamu ya zipangizo za ductile Ndiwo omwe amatha kupanga pulasitiki komanso kusasintha mosasunthika, osaphwanya kapena kuphwanya kapangidwe kake, mothandizidwa ndi gulu lankhondo. M'malo mwake, mawonekedwe a iwo ndikuti kudzera mu ulusi wolimbikira wa kotenga nthawi kapena ulusi wocheperako koma mawonekedwe omwewo amapezeka.

Zipangizo zamagetsi ndizosemphana ndi zipangizo zophulika. Koma sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi malleable zopangira.

Izi sizitanthauza kuti zida za ductile sizingasweke; M'malo mwake, amatero, koma atakumana ndi vuto lodziwika bwino. Komanso sizitanthauza kuti zida za ductile ndizofewa; mphamvu yofunikira kuti isinthike ndiyowonekera, ndipo poyang'anizana ndi ofooka momwemonso kusintha kwake, nthawi zambiri kotanuka ndikusinthika.

Pulogalamu ya kupindika kwa zida za ductile, kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuwonjezeka pamaso pa kutentha, osafika m'mphepete mwa osungunuka, ndipo sichimayesedwa mwachindunji ndi kupirira, makamaka pazitsulo. Zomalizazi ndizofala kwambiri za ductile, popeza awo maatomu Amapangidwa m'njira yoti azitha kugundana, potero amalola kupanga waya ndi ulusi wamakulidwe osiyanasiyana.

Zipangizo za Ductile ndizofunika mu mafakitale azitsulo komanso zida zopangira zidamomwe amatha kutenga mawonekedwe asadasweke. Komabe, kusinthaku kolimbikira kubwereza kutopa chitsulo komanso kusweka kwake, zomwe zikuwonekeranso ndikuwonjezera kutentha m'dera lomwe mphamvu yolakwika imakhudza.

Zitsanzo za zida za ductile

Chitsulo. Chomwe chimatchedwanso chitsulo ndikuyimiriridwa ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala Fe, ndichinthu chachinayi chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri m'mapulaneti chifukwa pachimake pa pulaneti pali chitsulo ndi faifi tambala dziko lamadzi, yomwe poyenda imapanga mphamvu yamaginito yamagetsi. Ndi chitsulo chosalala, cholimba chomwe chili ndi maginito komanso kuuma kwakukulu komanso kachulukidwe. Chifukwa chake, poyera, chomalizirachi chimalepheretsa kukhala chothandiza, chifukwa chake amapangidwa ndi kaboni kuti apeze banja la ma steels, omwe malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo atha kukhala ductile ochulukirapo komanso osagonjetsedwa.
Matabwa. Ndizopangidwa moyenera ndi ductile, kutengera mawonekedwe ake ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chilimo, komanso komwe kuli mfundo zake. Komabe, pokhala cholimba, imatha kutsegulidwa mosavuta ndimphamvu zofananira ndi njere zake.
Chitsulo. Dzinali limatchedwa a kusakaniza ya chitsulo ndi kaboni (mpaka 2.14%) yomwe imatulutsa zinthu zolimba komanso zopepuka, makamaka kuphatikiza boron kupanga mawaya olimbikira kwambiri komanso ductility yayikulu kwambiri, kapena chitsulo chosanja chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito yomanga. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kukana zolemera popanda kuthyola konkriti, koma kulola zolakwika zochepa malinga ndi kukula kwake.
Nthaka. Zinc (Zn), chinthu chofunikira pamoyo, mkati mwake dziko loyera Ili ndi kutayika kwambiri komanso kutayika, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuipukusa m'mapepala, kumangika ndikuipanga, koma kupezeka kwa zoipitsa zochepa kuchokera kuzinthu zina ndikokwanira kuti ikhale yopepuka komanso yosalimba. Ndikofunikira m'ma alloys monga omwe amapangidwa ndi mkuwa.
Mtsogoleri. Chitsulo chachitsulo cha tebulo la periodic, ndi chizindikiro Pb, sichinazindikiridwe panthawiyo ngati chitsulo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwama cell. Ndi chitsulo cholemera, chotuwa, chosinthika komanso chosungunuka mosavuta. Ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ngati chophimba chachingwe, chifukwa ductility yake yapadera imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa imatha kutambasulidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zokutidwa.
Mkuwa. Mkuwa (70%) ndi zinc (30%) alloy, wodziwika ndi kukwera kwake kwakukulu komwe kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu choyenera popanga zotengera ndi zotengera, komanso zida zomwe sizifunikira kuuma kwambiri. Kuphatikizidwa ndi malata kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba okusayidi ndi saltpeter, kupatula kuti imatha kusunthika.
Pulasitiki. Kwambiri ductile, mankhwala apulasitikiwa opangidwa ndi calcium, mafuta odzola ndi aliphatic mankhwala, adapangidwa mu 1880. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mitundu ndipo amagwirizana ndi dziko la maphunziro a ana, amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kupunduka osaphwanya, kulola ntchito yake yosavuta ndi manja., zida kapena mtundu uliwonse wapadziko.
Mkuwa. Copper (Cu) ndichitsulo chosinthika chofiira kwambiri, chomwe pamodzi ndi golide ndi siliva ndizo madalaivala abwinoko zitsulo zamagetsi.Pachifukwa ichi, ndichitsulo chosankhika popanga zingwe zamagetsi komanso zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, chifukwa ndizochuma, zosasunthika komanso ductile.
Platinamu. Chitsulo chosinthika, cholemera komanso chosalala choyera komanso choyera chimayesedwa ndi zodzikongoletsera ndi ma laboratories ngati chosagwira dzimbiri komanso chamtengo wapatali. Zimakhalanso zachizolowezi kupeza platinamu (Pt) muzowonjezera zowonjezera zamagalimoto, kulumikizana kwamagetsi ndi mitundu ina ya mapulogalamu omwe amapezerapo mwayi pakutsutsana kwake.
Zotayidwa. Aluminium (Al) ndichinthu chopanda ferromagnetic chachitsulo ndipo chachitatu chofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makampani za zinthuzo, ngakhale zimatha kutengedwa ngati chitsulo kuchokera ku bauxite, chifukwa cha zida zake monga zotsika kachulukidwe, kutentha kwakukulu ndi magetsi, kutentha kwa dzimbiri, mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso kusagwirizana. Pachifukwa ichi chakhala chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pamodzi ndi chitsulo, m'zaka za zana la 20. Ngakhale ductility yake yachilengedwe sikuwoneka ngati yopitilira muyeso, muzitsulo zamagetsi zomwe zimakhazikika zimalimbikitsidwa, komanso kukana kupsinjika ndi kutupa, nthawi zambiri kudzera pakuphatikiza kwa Silicon (5 mpaka 12%) ndi magnesium.