Nyama zokwawa

Zamkati

• Kusamuka kwa zokwawa
• Kuyenda kosafulumira
• Zitsanzo za nyama zokwawa

Tanthauzo la chiganizo 'zokwawa ' ali ndi ubale wolunjika ndi mawu 'chamadzi ', ndipo ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinyama imayankhula za zomwe zimayenda pansi, kutanthauza kuti, pamwamba pake.

Ngakhale ena amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliroli polankhula za mbalame zomwe zimauluka pansi kapena pansi, tanthauzo lenileni la nyama zokwawa ndikuti nyama zokwawa. Kutanthauzira kumeneku kumafikiranso kumunda wa zomera, popeza zokwawa ndizomwe zimatambasula tsinde lawo pansi.

Kusamuka kwa zokwawa

Nyama zomwe zimakwawa nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi gulu la zokwawa, zomwe zimachokera kukokera matupi, mneni womwe umapatsa dzina lake m'gulu la zokwawa. Komabe sizinyama zonse zomwe zikukwawa, popeza nyama zambiri zimayenda osakhala mgululi: kuwonjezera pa kukwawa, zokwawa ziyenera kukhala ndi khungu lokhala ndi mamba, youma, keratinized komanso wandiweyani.

M'malo mwake, zokwawa ndi gulu lamkati mwa zokwawa, momwemo magawo osiyanasiyana amatsegulidwa: gawo lofunika kwambiri la zokwawa zili ndi miyendo inayi yamiyendo ndi mchira womwe umathandizira, izi kukhala zokwawa zomwe sizimayenda nthawi zonse koma zimakhala ndi kuthekera, akafunika kuyenda liwiro lalitali, kuti akwere ndi miyendo yawo ndikukweza kwathunthu mimba yawo pansi.

Mtundu wina wa zokwawa, zomwe njoka monga chitsanzo chomveka, ilibe miyendo ndipo imatha kukwawa. Nyamazi ziyenera kukhala zolimba kwambiri komanso zokhoza kusintha zachilengedwe, kuti zizitha kulimbana ndi kuthekera kokhako kosunthira njirayo.

Kuyenda kosafulumira

Pulogalamu ya kusamuka kwa ena opanda mafupa Monga nyongolotsi, zimakhazikika poti gawo lina la thupi limafufuma poyendetsa thupi mobwerezabwereza: kutupa uku kumapangidwa ndi thumba laminyewa lomwe limatha kukulira kapena kugundana. Kusuntha kumeneku kumatchedwa kuti peristaltic, ndipo kumakhala kofala pamasamba onse.

Mlandu wina ndi wa Nkhono, yomwe kwa nthawi yayitali idaganiziridwa kuti chifukwa chakuchepa komwe ili nayo, imatha kupanga njira zabwino zoyendera. Osatengera izi, kafukufuku waposachedwa akutsimikizira kuti kusunthika kwa nkhono kumaperekedwa ndi kusuntha kwaminyewa komwe kumachitika mkati mwa thupi.

Nkhonozi zimapita patsogolo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zina, koma pogawa zochepa kwambiri kudera lalikulu kwambiri. Chomata, ndiye, ndi chomwe chimalola kuti chiziyenda mosavuta, koma si muzu wokhoza kusuntha womwe umaperekedwa ndimkhalidwe wake monga annelid.

Nawu mndandanda wa nyama zokwawa kuphatikizapo zokwawa ndi annelids.

Zitsanzo za nyama zokwawa