Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya zotayidwa Ndilo gawo lachitatu la mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo limapanga pafupifupi 7% ya kulemera kwake. Ndi za chitsulo choyera ndi chasiliva, yodziwika ndi yolimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri.
Zinapezeka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19, ndi wasayansi waku Germany Friedrich Wohler yemwe adatha kudzipatula mwanjira yoyera, ndikupeza chinthu chopepuka chomwe chili chopepuka, komanso chitsulo chosanja chomaliza chomwe chilipo.
Katundu wa mankhwala
Monga tanenera, zotayidwa ndi za gulu la zitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ofewa ndi kupereka malo otsika pang'ono. Dziko la aluminium (lomwe chizindikiro chake ndi Al) ndilolimba mwachilengedwe, ndipo limasungunuka madigiri 933.47 Kelvin (661.32 madigiri Celsius) ndi malo otentha a 2792 madigiri Kelvin (2519, 85 madigiri Celsius).
Komanso: Zitsanzo za zida ndi katundu wawo
Kodi amachokera kuti?
Aluminium, yomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofunikira pakupanga anthu, Amachokera ku bauxite yomwe ndi mtundu wa dongo zochuluka m'maiko ena monga United States.
Funso lofufuzira ndilofunikira chifukwa, ngakhale zotayidwa ndizofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe, sichimaperekedwa kwaulere koma chimatero mogwirizana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo lalikulu la zotayidwa padziko lapansi (nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapezeka m'miyala) sizingachotsedwe kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Onaninso:
- Kodi mafuta amachokera kuti?
- Kodi golideyo amachokera kuti?
- Kodi chitsulo chimachokera kuti?
- Kodi lead amatenga kuti?
Aluminium processing
Mitundu iwiri yakampani yamafuta nthawi zambiri imasiyanitsidwa kuti ipeze zotayidwa:
- Njira ya Bayer: Njirayi imayamba ndikupera bauxite, ndikuyiyika ndi laimu (CaO) yotentha. Zinthu zokulirapo, zomwe ndi mchenga, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi njirayi, ndikusiya kusakaniza komwe kumaloledwa kuziziritsa mpaka mvula yolimba. Cholimba ichi chimasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndikuwombera, m'njira yoti mutenge zotayidwa zokha.
- Njira ya Hall-Héroult: Apa chomwe chachitika ndikuchepetsa Aluminiyamu cation yomwe ili ndi ayoni atatu abwino kwa omwe alibe chindapusa. Zomwe zimachitika ndikudutsa kwamagetsi kudzera mu cell reaction, yomwe imafunikira kuti isungunuke zotayidwa zosakanikirana ndi mpweya. Nthawi zina imasakanikirana ndi cryolite kuti kutentha kusungunuke kumakhala kotsika, kuti asafunike makina oyendera magetsi omwe amagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuti apeze zotayidwa.
Ntchito zotayidwa
Kodi aluminium ndi chiyani? Kufunika kopeza aluminiyamu kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kamene kamakhala nako pamakampani:
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuchuluka kwa zitini ndi zojambulazo, mwachizolowezi ponyamula.
- Kujambula kwa makobidi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa zotayidwa.
- Aluminiyamu yawonjezeredwa mafuta oyendetsa ndege.
- Zambiri mwa kabling a mizinda amapangidwa ndi aluminium.
- Masts a mabwato oyenda nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi aluminium.
- Pulogalamu ya ziwiya zapakhomo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amapangidwa ndi aluminium.
- Njira zoyendera zili ndi gawo lalikulu la zotayidwa, zomwe zili magalimoto, ndege, magalimoto, sitima, mabwato ndi njinga.
- Kutentha kotentha kumapangitsa zotayidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu zamagetsikupewa kutenthedwa.
- Pulogalamu ya magetsi apamsewu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi izi
- Mu fayilo ya Kuchiza madzi zotayidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa.
Zokhazikika
Chofunika kwambiri cha aluminiyamu ndichinthu chokhazikika, popeza kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito (kapena kukula pamlingo womwe wakhala akuchita), akuti nkhokwe zodziwika bwino za bauxite zidzakhalapo kwazaka zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi zinthu zonse zotayidwa zimatha kubwerezedwanso mobwerezabwereza kuti apange zatsopano, osataya mtundu wazitsulo ndi katundu wake.
