Zitsanzo za Ma molekyulu - Encyclopedia

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Zitsanzo za mamolekyulu
Mitundu ya mamolekyulu
Itha kukutumikirani

Amatchulidwa molekyulu ku mgwirizano wa awiri kapena kupitilira apo maatomu Kudzera mwa zomangira zamagulu (zofananira kapena zosiyana), ndikupanga gulu lokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo: molekyulu yamadzi ndi H₂0.

Mamolekyu amapanga gawo laling'ono kwambiri la a mankhwala osataya katundu wawo wamafizikiki kapena kuwonetseredwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri samaimira magetsi (kupatula ayoni, omwe ndi mamolekyulu okhala ndi zabwino kapena zoyipa).

Ubale womwe unakhazikitsidwa pakati pa mamolekyulu a chinthu umawonetsa mawonekedwe ake: kukhala pafupi kwambiri, kudzakhala olimba; poyenda, idzakhala a madzi; ndipo kuti ubalalikidwe popanda kupatukana kwathunthu, udzakhala a mpweya.

Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Atomu

Zitsanzo za mamolekyulu

Madzi: H₂0	Sucrose: C₁₂H₂₂KAPENA₁₁
Hydrogeni: H₂	Zoyenera: C.₃H₈KAPENA
Mpweya: O₂	Zoyenera: C.₃H₆KAPENA
Methane: CH₄	Para-aminobenzoic acid: C.₇H₇Ayi₂
Mankhwala: Cl₂	Zamadzimadzi: F₂
Hydrochloric acid: HCl	Butane: C₄H₁₀
Mpweya woipa: CO₂	Acetone: C₃H₆KAPENA
Mpweya monoxide: CO	Acetylsalicylic acid: C₉H₈KAPENA₄
Lifiyamu hydroxide: LiOH	Mankhwala a Ethanoic: C.₂H₄KAPENA₂
Bromine: Br₂	Mapadi: C₆H₁₀KAPENA₅
Mankhwala: Ine₂	Dextrose: C₆H₁₂KAPENA₆
Ammonium: NH₄	Trinitrotoluene: C₇H₅N₃KAPENA₆
Sulfuric asidi: H₂SW₄	Ribose: C₅H₁₀KAPENA₅
Propane: C₃H₈	Mankhwala: CH₂KAPENA
Sodium hydroxide: NaOH	Nitrate yasiliva: AgNO₃
Sodium mankhwala enaake: NaCl	Sodium cyanide: NaCN
Sulfa dioxide: CHONCHO₂	Asidi a Hydrobromic: HBr
Kashiamu sulphate: CaSO₄	Galactose: C₆H₁₂KAPENA₆
Mowa: C.₂H₅O!	Nitrous asidi: HNO₂
Phosphoric acid: H₃PO₄	Silika: SiO₂
Mokwanira: C.₆₀	Sodium thiopentate: C₁₁H₁₇N₂KAPENA₂SNa
Shuga: C.₆H₁₂KAPENA₆	Asidi Barbituric: C.₄H₄N₂KAPENA₃
Sodium acid sulphate: NaHSO₄	Urea: NKHA (NH₂)₂
Boron trifluoride: BF₃	Ammonium mankhwala enaake: NH₂Cl
Khloroform: CHCl₃	Amoniya: NH₃

Mitundu ya mamolekyulu

Mamolekyu atha kugawidwa molingana ndi ma atomiki awo, omwe ndi:

Wanzeru. Amapangidwa ndi maatomu ofotokozedwa komanso apadera, mwina azinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena ofanana. Momwemonso, amagawika malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma atomu osiyanasiyana omwe amaphatikizidwa, momwemo:

Monoatomic (1 mtundu umodzi wa atomu),
Diatomic (mitundu iwiri),
Trichotomous (mitundu itatu),
Tetralogical (mitundu inayi) ndi zina zotero.

Macromolecule kapena ma polima. Ma Macromolecule ndi maunyolo akulu akulu opangidwa ndi zidutswa zosavuta kulumikizana kuti apange zomangika zovuta.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yama mamolekyulu imafotokozedwa mogwirizana ndi ma atomiki apano, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo za tebulo la periodic kuyimira zinthu zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndikulembetsa komwe kumafotokoza ubale wawo wamkati mwa molekyulu.

Komabe, popeza mamolekyulu amakhala azinthu zazithunzi zitatu, mawonekedwe owonetsera omwe amawonetsa kapangidwe osati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti amvetsetse bwino.