Ma oxide Oyambirira

Zamkati

• Nomenclature yama oxide oyambira
• Zitsanzo za ma oxide oyambira

Pulogalamu ya okusayidi zofunika, yemwenso amadziwika kuti zitsulo zosakaniza, ndi omwe amaphatikiza mpweya ndi chitsulo. Popeza mpweya umakhala wamagetsi kwambiri ndipo zitsulo ndizosankha zamagetsi, mgwirizano womwe umakhazikitsidwa ndi ionic.

Pulogalamu ya mawonekedwe oyambira zomwe zikuyimira ma oxides onse ndi XO, pomwe X ndichitsulo komanso O oxygen. Zonsezi zitha kutsatiridwa ndi zolembetsa (makamaka 2 kapena 3), zomwe zimawoneka posinthana ndi valence (ndiye kuti, yachitsulo ndi ya oxygen).

Nomenclature yama oxide oyambira

Mayina achikhalidwe: Ma oxide oyambilira amatchulidwa poyamba kutchula mawu oti "oxide wa" kenako dzina la chitsulo, kapena "oxide" lotsatiridwa ndi chiganizo chomwe ndi dzina lachitsulo chomwe chimasinthidwa mosiyanasiyana, monga tafotokozera pansipa:

1. Mu fayilo yazitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa valence (monga sodium kapena calcium), gawo lachitsulo limapangidwa ngati mawu esdrújula okhala ndi "ico".
2. Muzitsulo zomwe zilipo mitundu iwiri ya valence (ngati mkuwa kapena mercury), ngati oxide imakhudzana ndi valence yotsika kwambiri, dzina lachitsulo limaphatikizidwa ndi cholembera "chimbalangondo" ndipo ndi mawu okhwima. Ngati zikukhudzana ndi valence wapamwamba kwambiri, dzina lachitsulo limaphatikizidwa ndi cholembera "ico" ndipo ndi liwu esdrújula.
3. Pamene alipo ma valence atatu omwe angakhalepo (monga chromium), ngati oxide imakhudzana ndi valence yotsika kwambiri, dzina lachitsulo limaphatikizidwa ndi choyambirira "hiccup" ndi cholembera "chimbalangondo", ndipo ndi mawu ofunikira. Ponena za valence wapakatikati, chitsulo chimatchulidwa ndi "chimbalangondo" chomaliza ndipo chimakhalabe mawu oyipa, koma ngati chikukhudza valence wapamwamba kwambiri, mathero ake ndi "ico" ndipo ndi mawu a sdrújula.
4. Chitsulo chomwe chili nacho ma valence anayi omwe angakhalepo (monga manganese), chiwembucho chimakhala chofanana ndi choyambirira cha atatu oyamba, koma chitsulo chikaphatikizidwa mu oxide ndi valence yachinayi komanso yayikulu kwambiri, dzina lachitsulo limaphatikizidwa ndi choyambirira "pa" ndi chokwanira "ico", ndipo ndi liwu esdrújula.

Mbiri yaZogulitsa: Pansi pa dzina lomweli, ma oxide amalembedwa ndipo amatchedwa "oxide of" + metallic element + chiwerengero chachi Roma m'mabulaketi, zomwe zikuwonetsa valence yomwe chinthu chachitsulo chimagwirira ntchito ndi mpweya.

Maina apadera: Pakadali pano amasankhidwa ndi IUPAC(International Union ya Koyera ndi Applied Chemistry), lingaliro lowatchula kuti "oxides wa" limasungidwa, koma kutero ndendende powonjezerapo muyeso woyambirira wachi Greek womwe umafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu a oxygen (ku liwu loti "oxide") ndi kuchuluka kwa maatomu achitsulo (ku dzina lachitsulo) chomwe molekyulu iliyonse imakhala nacho, pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi "cha" ngati mlatho.

Ma oxide oyambira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'mankhwala, utoto, zomangira, mapulasitiki, ndi mafakitale ena.

Zitsanzo za ma oxide oyambira

Mitundu ina ya oxides:

• Zitsulo zamafuta
• Non-zachitsulo okusayidi
• Mavitamini a acid