Kupanga mamolekyulu a mankhwala mankhwala, ma atomu azinthu kapena zinthu zosiyanasiyana ayenera kuphatikiza limodzi m'njira yokhazikika, ndipo izi zitha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe omwe ma atomu aliwonse ali nawo, omwe, monga tikudziwira, ali ndi phata loyendetsedwa bwino lomwe lazunguliridwa ndi mtambo wa ma elekitironi.
Ma electron amaimbidwa mlandu ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi phata chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi zimawakopa. Kuyandikira kwa ma elekitironi kuli pachimake, kumawonjezera mphamvu kuti izitulutsa.
Koma sizinthu zonse zomwezi ndizofanana: ena amakhala ndi chizolowezi chotaya ma elekitironi akutali amtambo (ma elementi okhala ndi mphamvu yotsika ya ionization), pomwe ena amawakonda (omwe ali ndi kuyandikana kwambiri kwama elektroni). Izi zimachitika chifukwa malinga ndi lamulo la Lewis octet, kukhazikika kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa ma electron asanu ndi atatu mchikopa chakunja kapena mozungulira, nthawi zambiri.
Ndiye motani pakhoza kukhala kutayika kapena kupindula kwama electron, ma ion a milandu yotsutsana amatha kupangidwa, ndipo kukopa kwamagetsi pakati pa ayoni otsutsana kumapangitsa kuti izi ziziphatikizana ndikupanga mankhwala osavuta, pomwe chimodzi mwazinthuzo zidapatsa ma elekitironi ndipo enawo adazilandira. Kuti izi zitheke komanso a mgwirizano wa ionic Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kusiyana kapena kudutsa kwa kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi 1.7.
Pulogalamu ya mgwirizano wa ionic Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakati pazitsulo zazitsulo ndi zachitsulo: atomu yachitsulo imapatsa ma elekitironi amodzi kapena angapo ndipo chifukwa chake imapanga ayoni (cations) omwe amalipiritsa, ndipo osakwanira amawapeza ndikukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono (anion). Zitsulo zamchere za alkali ndi zamchere ndizo zomwe zimakonda kupanga ma cations kwambiri, ndipo ma halojeni ndi oxygen nthawi zambiri amakhala anions.
Mwambiri, mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi ma ionic bond ali zolimba kutentha kutentha ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu, kusungunuka m'madzi. Mu yankho ali kwambiri makondakitala abwino amagetsipopeza ali ma electrolyte amphamvu. Mphamvu yolimba ya ionic yolimba ndi yomwe imawonetsa mphamvu yokongola pakati pa ayoni olimba.
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Zitsanzo za Mabungwe Ogwirizana
- Magnesium okusayidi (MgO)
- Sulphate yamkuwa (CuSO4)
- Iodide ya potaziyamu (KI)
- Nthaka hydroxide (Zn (OH) 2)
- Sodium mankhwala enaake (Ndiko)
- Nitrate yasiliva (AgNO3)
- Lifiyamu fluoride (LiF)
- Mankhwala enaake a mankhwala enaake (MgCl2)
- Potaziyamu hydroxide (KOH)
- Kashiamu nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2)
- Kashiamu mankwala (Ca3 (PO4) 2)
- Dothi la potaziyamu (K2Cr2O7)
- Disodium mankwala (Na2HPO4)
- Iron sulfide (Fe2S3)
- Bromidi wa potaziyamu (KBr)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
- Potaziyamu sulphate (K2SO4)
- Manganese mankhwala enaake (MnCl2)
