Zamkati
A gel ndi mkhalidwe pakati pa olimba ndipo madzi. Ndi mankhwala a colloidal (osakaniza). Ndiye kuti, ndi kusakaniza yomwe ili ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo (gawo lomasulira likufotokozedwa pansipa). Makamaka kukula kwake kumakulira ikakumana ndi madzi.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma gels, momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri pochiza, (makamaka ntchito zamatenda). Komabe, ma gels amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zonunkhira, zakudya, utoto ndi zomata.
Njira yomwe gel imapangidwira imatchedwa gelation.
Magawo a ma gels
Ma gels ali ndi magawo awiri; a gawo lopitilira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala olimba ndi chimodzi omwazika gawo chomwe makamaka madzi. Ngakhale gawo ili lachiwiri ndilamadzi, gel osakaniza amakhala olimba kuposa madzi.
Chitsanzo cha gel osakaniza ambiri ndi odzola. Pamenepo titha kuwona gawo lopitilira (gelatin mu granules kapena ufa) ndi omwazika gawo (gelatin wothira madzi).
Pulogalamu ya gawo lopitilira Amapereka kusasinthasintha kwa gel osapewa kuti iziyenda momasuka, pomwe omwazika gawo chimalepheretsa kuti chikhale chophatikizana.
Makhalidwe a ma gels
Ma gels ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochokera pagawo limodzi kupita kwina ndikungogwedezeka. Izi zimatchedwa kutchfun. Zitsanzo za izi ndi utoto, zamchere ndi zokutira za latex. Mitundu ina ya thixotropic ndi: msuzi wa phwetekere, dongo ndi ma yogurts.
Kusasinthika kwa ma gels kumasiyana pakati madzi olimba a viscous ndipo madzi ndi kuuma kwakukulu. Izi zimatengera zida za gel osakaniza. Chifukwa chake zitha kunenedwa kuti ma gels amapereka mulingo wina wa kusakhazikika.
Komabe, monga chizolowezi, ma gels ndi ochepa zotanuka.
Mtundu wa ma gels
Kutengera kusasintha kwa ma gels, awa atha kugawidwa kukhala:
- Ma Hydrogel. Amakhala osasinthasintha madzi. Amagwiritsa ntchito, monga njira yobalalitsira, madzi. Ma gels ambiri amapezeka pano.
- Mitundu yamagulu. Amafanana ndi ma hydrogel koma amagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zoyambira. Chitsanzo cha ichi ndi makina wa sera mu mafuta.
- Xerogeles. Ndi ma gels okhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba popeza alibe zosungunulira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma gels
Monga tanenera kale, ntchito zake ndizofala kwambiri pankhani yazachipatala, zodzoladzola, zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazodzola, makamaka pochiritsa tsitsi.
Pazamankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira ngalande yakumakutu kapena m'mphuno popeza ngalande zonsezi ndizovuta kuzipeza ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala olimba kumakhala kovuta kuyeretsa kwawo pambuyo pake.
Zitsanzo za ma gels
- Dongo
- Mawaya opangira fiber. Nthawi izi mafuta ochokera ku mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gel iyi imalola ulusi kukhalabe wosasunthika.
- Chingwe
- Gel osamba
- Gel osakaniza tsitsi
- Kuchepetsa gel osakaniza
- Gelatin wamba
- Odzola
- Ziphuphu zam'mimba (ntchofu kapena ntchofu). Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimasunga chinyezi cha m'mphuno, pharynx, bronchi ndi dongosolo la kupuma kwathunthu.
- Batala wachikasu
- Mayonesi
- Kupanikizana kwa zipatso (kuwonjezera ziphuphu kukulitsa kusasinthasintha)
- Tchizi chofewa
- Ketchup
- Galasi
- Yogurt
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Zitsanzo za Zolimba, Zamadzimadzi ndi Gaseous
- Zitsanzo za Plasma State
- Zitsanzo za ma Colloids
