Zitsanzo 15 Zosefera - Encyclopedia

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Zitsanzo zosefera
Njira zina zolekanitsa zosakaniza

Pulogalamu ya kusefera ndi njira yolekanitsira chinthu olimba ya madzi momwe imayimitsidwa, kuchokera pamakina otchedwa sieve, fyuluta kapena sefa. Ichi ndi chimbudzi chotentha, chomwe chimalola kudutsa kwa mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono ndi ma molekyulu a ductile amadzi, koma amasungabe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba.

Zosefera zodziwika ndi nsalu, pulasitiki kapena maukonde achitsulo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapepala, ndipo njirayi mwina ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale komanso tsiku ndi tsiku kupatulira zolimba pakuimitsidwa kapena kupulumutsa zinthu zazikulu kuchokera kuzinthu zina zamadzimadzi.

Malinga ndi kukula ndi chikhalidwe cha kusakaniza, tingalankhule za:

Kusefera. Mwakutero, zachokera kupatukana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe (nthawi zambiri simawoneka) poyimitsidwa kwa colloidal.
Kutaya. Kupatukana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba koma tosaoneka ndi madzi, kudzera mu fyuluta yotchedwa strainer.
Sefa. Kupatukana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuchokera kumadzi kapena ngakhale sing'anga kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono zolimba, pogwiritsa ntchito sefa.

Zitsanzo zosefera

Kukonzekera khofi. Khofi wapansi amatumizidwa molunjika (chopangidwa ndi nsalu kapena pepala) ndipo amathiridwa madzi otentha, omwe amatulutsa kununkhira ndi zinthu za khofi, podziwa kuti "imachotsa" kapena zotsalira zolimba za ufa wa khofi. ikhalabe mu fyuluta ndipo siyilowa chikho.
Pasitala kuphika. Pasitala amayenera kuphikidwa m'madzi otentha kuti adziwe ndikukhazikika komanso mawonekedwe ake, koma amadya kunja kwake, chifukwa chake amayenera kusefedwa, kulola madzi kukhetsa ndi pasitala yophika kuti akhalebe opondereza.
Kutulutsa Madzi. Popanga timadziti tambiri, zipatso zake zimasakanizidwa ndi madzi, kapena zamkati zimafinyidwa kuti zitenge madziwo. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ziyenera kukhala zovuta kupatulira ulusi wolimba kapena zotsalira zamadzi kuchokera kumadzi omwewo.
Kukonzekera infusions. Ma tiyi ambiri ndi infusions amapangidwa kuchokera ku udzu watsopano, womwe umayikidwa m'mizere m'madzi otentha. Zinthu zonse zili m'menemo zikatulutsidwa, zimapanikizika kuti zitenge zingwezo ndikusiya madziwo mu chikho.
Zosefera mpweya. M'malo ambiri otsekedwa kapena ngakhale makina obayira mpweya wamagalimoto, zosefera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira zonyansa zomwe zimabwera mlengalenga, monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zina zolimba mphindi, motero mpweya umalowa m'dongosolo kukhala loyera momwe zingathere. Zomwezo zimapitilira fyuluta yowumitsa, yomwe imasonkhanitsa zinyalala zopota ndi nsalu mlengalenga.
Zosefera zamadzi. Nthawi zambiri m'nyumba zosefera madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zonyansa m'madzi musanagwiritse ntchito zapakhomo. Zosefera izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndimiyala yam'madzi yomwe imalola kudutsa m'madzi koma imasunga tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zinthu zomwe zimatsatira.
Zosefera mafuta. M'magetsi oyaka, zosefera mafuta zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusungabe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kaboni tomwe timatulutsa mafuta awa, motero ma tinthu tomwe timasungidwa mu fyuluta komanso mafuta amakhala oyera momwe angathere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo azigwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Tinajeros kapena zosefera zamiyala. Kutengera kudutsa kwa madzi kuchokera pachidebe chapamwamba kupita kutsika kudzera pamiyala, anali zida zoyeretsera madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zamakoloni mnyumba. Lero amasungidwa ngati zotsalira zokongoletsa.
Zosamba zonyansa. Zitsulo zomwe zili pakamwa pa zimbudzi zimagwira ntchito ngati zosefera zoteteza zinyalala zazikulu ndikupewa kutsekeka kwa mapaipi ngalande omwe madzi amvula amatsikira.
Chosefera ndudu. Opangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose ya acetylated, amakwaniritsa udindo wawo kusefa mpweya ndi utsi wotentha wa masamba a fodya, kuteteza zotsalira zolimba kuyaka kuti zisalowe m'mapapu limodzi ndi mpweya.

Maukonde apadziwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi, amasunga tizilombo, masamba ndi zinyalala zonse zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa m'madzi ndikulola kuti madziwo adutse, motero amakhala chida choyeretsera.
Ndikusefa ufa. Ufa (wolimba) nthawi zambiri umadutsa mu sefa kapena strainer, osati kungotsuka zotsalira zilizonse kapena tizilombo, koma kuti uchepetseko ndikuloleza kuziziritsa kukhosi ndikupewa mapangidwe.
Simenti sieving. Pokonzekera gawo la zomangamanga, ufa wa simenti nthawi zambiri umasefedwa musanasakanize, kupewa kuti tinthu timeneti timabwera kale motsatira kapena granular motero zimatsimikizira kuti chisakanizocho ndichofanana.
Dialysis. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso, ntchito yosefa magazi ndiyofunika, yomwe imachotsa poizoni ndi zinyalala zosafunikira: izi zimatchedwa dialysis ndipo zimachitika kudzera pamakina ena apadera. Impso zikanakhala zosefera mwachilengedwe.
Sefani pepala. Pogwiritsa ntchito malo opangira zinthu zolekanitsa madzi ndi zinthu zosakanikirana mosavuta monga shuga, mchere kapena mchenga, ndi pepala lokhala ndi porous lomwe limasunga tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri koma limalola madzi kudutsa.