Mphamvu ya geothermal

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za mphamvu ya geothermal
• Mitundu ina yamphamvu

Pulogalamu yamphamvu ya geothermal ndi gwero la mphamvu zochulukirapo zongowonjezwdwa, yamtundu wophulika, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kupumira kwa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi.

Popeza kutentha komwe kumalembedwa kumawonjezeka pamene tikufika pakatikati pa dziko lapansi, pali magome ambiri amadzi pansi pomwe madzi amatenthedwa ndipo pambuyo pake amatuluka ngati ma jets akulu a nthunzi ndi madzi otentha, motero kupangitsa ma gys ndi madzi. lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu kuyambira nthawi zakale pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Amakonda kupezeka kwambiri m'malo ophulika kwambiri.

Pali mitundu itatu yamadzi osungira kutentha kwa nthaka, yomwe ndi:

• Madzi otentha. Amatha kupanga gwero kapena kukhala mobisa (m'madzi am'madzi). Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera muzitsime ziwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi abwererenso kuti asawononge dziwe.
• Youma Awa ndi malo otentha ndi gasi koma opanda madzi, omwe atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kenako kuwonjezeredwa pobayira madziwo kuti ayambirenso.
• Zida Akasupe otentha pampanipani kotero kuti nthawi ndi nthawi amatulutsa nthunzi ndi madzi otentha pamwamba pomwe amatuluka.

Ngakhale mphamvu iyi ikuyenera kukhala zongowonjezwdwaPopeza kutentha kwa dziko lapansi sikukutha, zakhala zikuchitika m'malo osiyanasiyana komwe magma amazizira ndikusiya kutentha kwake kwamadzi, kuphatikiza pakupita ndi zivomerezi zazing'ono koma zapafupipafupi. Ndicho chifukwa chake akuti mphamvu ya geothermal siyowonjezeredwanso..

Mphamvu ya geothermal itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi, kuziziritsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwanyengo.

Zitsanzo za mphamvu ya geothermal

1. Mapiri. Mwinanso chiwonetsero chowopsa kwambiri cha kutentha kwa nthaka ndi mapiri, omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe pakaphulika kwawo, komwe kumatulutsa nyongolotsi yotentha (lava), mpweya wakupha, ndikuyimitsa phulusa m'chilengedwe. Mphamvu zawo zimakhala zazikulu koma zakutchire, chifukwa chake sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iliyonse, koma masoka achilengedwe omwe anthu ambiri amayenera kuthana nawo nthawi ndi nthawi.
2. Ma Geysers. Ili ndi dzina la seti yazomera zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamadzimadzi. Imatha kupanga ma 950 MW opitilira magetsi pa 63% yamphamvu zake zonse, pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi yochokera ku ma geys opitilira 350 m'mitengo 21 yosiyanasiyana.
3. Zomera za desalination. Mphamvu ya geothermal imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakutsitsa madzi m'nyanjayi, pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwake kwa kuziziritsa kwamadzi ndikusungunuka kwamadzi, komwe kumalola kuchotsa mchere ndi zinthu zina zolemera zomwe zilipo, mwachitsanzo, m'madzi am'nyanja. Iyi ndi njira yachuma komanso yachilengedwe yomwe yakhala ikudziwika kuyambira 1995 ndi American Douglas Firestone.
4. Mapampu otentha otentha. Kuzizira komanso kutentha, mphamvu yamafuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mpope wowongolera mpweya, kutentha kwa nyumba zonse. Ndi malo otentha kwambiri omwe pamafunika magetsi ochepa, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwapompopompo kwa zigawo zoyambirira zapadziko lapansi kuti muchepetse kuzungulira kwa compressor.
5. Timanfaya uvuni-Grill. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapiri ophulika kuzilumba za Canary, malo odyera "El Diablo" azakudya zaluso zam'derali adapanga uvuni womwe umagwira ntchito potengera chakudya chakutentha komwe kumabwera kuchokera ku magmatic ndi kutentha kwa mphamvu kwa Timanfaya National Park pachilumbachi a Lanzarote. Kum'mawa "grill yamphongo”Pokhala ndi ma gridi angapo omwe adayikidwa pachitsime chomwe chimapita mwachindunji padziko lapansi.
6. Chomera chamagetsi chamagetsi cha Hellisheiði. Ili ku Iceland, pafupi ndi phiri la Hengill, makilomita 11 kuchokera ku likulu, chomerachi chimapanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphamvu zamafuta, za 303 MWe ndi 133 MWt motsatana. Ndi malo omwe akukula kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2006, m'manja mwa kampani ya Orkuveita Reykjavíkur.
7. Malo otentha a Geothermally. Mu mzinda wa Valencia, Spain, komanso ntchito zina zofananira ku Chile, mphamvu yakutentha kuchokera kumadzi otentha apansi pano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kudzera pakupanga kwamadzi ndi majekeseni kuti kutentha kwapanyumba kukhazikika chaka chonse. . Mwanjira imeneyi, kupanga kumatha kukulitsidwa ndi mtengo wocheperako wamagetsi komanso mpweya wa CO wochepetsedwa.₂ zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi mpweya wapansi panthakawu ndipo ndi zoipitsa zam'mlengalenga.
8. Chomera chamagetsi cha Cerro Prieto. Chomera chachiwiri champhamvu padziko lapansi, chokhala ndi mphamvu ya 720 MW ndi mapulani okukulitsa omwe angapangitse kuti ifike pamitengo yayikulu kwambiri, ili pafupi kwambiri ndi phiri lomwe limadziwika kuti Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Amapangidwa ndi magawo asanu omwe amapezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito kutentha komwe kumachokera ku magmatic of the subsoil.
9. Kuyanika ulimi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa mphamvu ya geothermal kuti ipititse ku zinthu zaulimi zomwe zimafunikira kuyanika, monga kupaka mkaka kapena kuyimitsa chakudya, ndi ntchito yapadera ku Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations. Mu Epulo 2015, tsambali lidakonzedweratu, makamaka lothandiza kumayiko akutukuka, chifukwa ndi gwero lotsika mtengo komanso lamagetsi.
10. Yellowstone Park Geysers. Oposa theka la ma geys 1000 padziko lapansi ali mu American National Park, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Dera ili lili ndi chiphalaphala champhamvu komanso chopitilira muyeso, chomwe chimadzaza ndi chiphalaphala chamatope ndi matope, okhala ndi ma geys opitilira 200 ndi akasupe osiyanasiyana a 1000.

Mitundu ina yamphamvu